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chemistry 1st mock > organics 1 (4.5) > Flashcards

organics 1 (4.5) Flashcards

1
Q

what is crude oil

A

a mixture of hydrocarbons

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2
Q

definition of a hydrocarbon

A

a substance that only has hydrogen and carbon in it

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3
Q

what is a fraction of crude oil

A

a mixture of similar hydrocarbons with similar boiling points

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4
Q

what happens as the boiling points increase in fractions

A

the fractions get darker in colour
the fractions get more viscous

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5
Q

what is gasoline

A

fuel for cars

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6
Q

what is refinery gases

A

fuel for home cooking

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7
Q

what is kerosene

A

fuel for aircraft

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8
Q

what is diesel

A

fuel for trains

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9
Q

what is fuel oil

A

fuel for ships

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10
Q

what is bitumen

A

used for making roads

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11
Q

what is fractional distillation

A

a column used to separate crude oil

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12
Q

fractional distillation collum

A

refinery gases
gasoline
kerosene
diesel
fuel oil
bitumen

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13
Q

how does fractional distillation work

A

1 heated crude oil vapours enter the column
2 vapours rise until they reach their boiling point, hen they condense
3 different vapours condense at different heights due to their different boiling points
4 similar vapours condense together as a fraction

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14
Q

what are fractions

A

mixtures containing the hydrocarbons that boil in a particular temperature range

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15
Q

what are alkanes

A

hydrocarbons that fit the formula CnH2n+2

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16
Q

what are alkanes made of

A

simple molecules containing C and H atoms held together by covalent bonds

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17
Q

methane formula

A

CH4

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18
Q

ethane formula

A

C2H4

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19
Q

propane formula

A

C3H8

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20
Q

butane formula

A

C4H10

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21
Q

pentane formula

22
Q

what is a structural formula

A

the structure of the molecule in one line, reading from right to left like w word, e.g. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 (butane)

23
Q

what is a displayed formula

A

a diagram showing the positions of every atom and every bond

24
Q

what is a molecular formula (organics)

A

only shows how many carbon and hydrogen atoms there are

25
what is an empirical formula (organics)
only shows the simplist whole number ratio of carbon to hydrogen
26
what is a homologous series
a family of molecules which have similar chemical reactions, trends in physical properties, the same general formula
27
what are isomers
molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
28
what are the two types of combustion called
complete combustion incomplete combustion
29
what is complete combustion
combustion that occurs when there is excess oxygen,
30
what is incomplete combustion
combustion that occurs when there isn't enough oxygen
31
what does complete combustion produce
CO2 and H2O
32
what does incomplete combustion produce
carbon monoxide and soot
33
what does the combustion of alkanes release
carbon dioxide nitrogen oxide sulphur dioxide
34
what is bad about carbon dioxide
its a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere and causes climate change
35
what is bad about nitrogen oxide
it dissolves in rainwater and causes acid rain
36
what is bad about sulphur dioxide
it dissolves in rainwater and causes acid rain
37
what is a substitution reaction
a reaction that happens when halogens react with alkanes
38
what is the reaction called when alkanes react with halogens
a substitution reaction
39
what does a substitution reaction require
UV light
40
why does a substitution reaction need UV light
because alkanes are very unreactive
41
what is cracking
when a longer alkane is broken down into a smaller, more useful one
42
what temperature is cracking done under
650 degrees
43
what catalyst is used for cracking
aluminium oxide
44
an example of cracking
C5H12->C2H6+C3H6 pentane>ethane+propene
45
what is an alkene
hydrocarbons that fit into the formula CnH2n
46
what is different about alkenes and alkanes
alkenes have one C=C double bond in their carbon chain, while alkanes dont
47
when does an additional polymer form?
when molecules with a C=C double bond add into chains
48
in an additional polymer, what're the small molecules that add together called?
monomers
49
GO OVER COMMON POLYMERS
GO OVER COMMON POLYMERS
50
why do addition polymers have disposal problems
they are inert, which mens they are chemically very unreactive and don't break down very easily

chemistry 1st mock (10 decks)

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