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chemistry 1st mock > organics 1 (4.5) > Flashcards

organics 1 (4.5) Flashcards

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1
Q

what is crude oil

A

a mixture of hydrocarbons

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2
Q

definition of a hydrocarbon

A

a substance that only has hydrogen and carbon in it

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3
Q

what is a fraction of crude oil

A

a mixture of similar hydrocarbons with similar boiling points

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4
Q

what happens as the boiling points increase in fractions

A

the fractions get darker in colour
the fractions get more viscous

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5
Q

what is gasoline

A

fuel for cars

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6
Q

what is refinery gases

A

fuel for home cooking

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7
Q

what is kerosene

A

fuel for aircraft

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8
Q

what is diesel

A

fuel for trains

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9
Q

what is fuel oil

A

fuel for ships

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10
Q

what is bitumen

A

used for making roads

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11
Q

what is fractional distillation

A

a column used to separate crude oil

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12
Q

fractional distillation collum

A

refinery gases
gasoline
kerosene
diesel
fuel oil
bitumen

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13
Q

how does fractional distillation work

A

1 heated crude oil vapours enter the column
2 vapours rise until they reach their boiling point, hen they condense
3 different vapours condense at different heights due to their different boiling points
4 similar vapours condense together as a fraction

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14
Q

what are fractions

A

mixtures containing the hydrocarbons that boil in a particular temperature range

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15
Q

what are alkanes

A

hydrocarbons that fit the formula CnH2n+2

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16
Q

what are alkanes made of

A

simple molecules containing C and H atoms held together by covalent bonds

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17
Q

methane formula

A

CH4

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18
Q

ethane formula

A

C2H4

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19
Q

propane formula

A

C3H8

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20
Q

butane formula

A

C4H10

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21
Q

pentane formula

A

C5H12

22
Q

what is a structural formula

A

the structure of the molecule in one line, reading from right to left like w word, e.g. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 (butane)

23
Q

what is a displayed formula

A

a diagram showing the positions of every atom and every bond

24
Q

what is a molecular formula (organics)

A

only shows how many carbon and hydrogen atoms there are

25
Q

what is an empirical formula (organics)

A

only shows the simplist whole number ratio of carbon to hydrogen

26
Q

what is a homologous series

A

a family of molecules which have similar chemical reactions, trends in physical properties, the same general formula

27
Q

what are isomers

A

molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

28
Q

what are the two types of combustion called

A

complete combustion
incomplete combustion

29
Q

what is complete combustion

A

combustion that occurs when there is excess oxygen,

30
Q

what is incomplete combustion

A

combustion that occurs when there isn’t enough oxygen

31
Q

what does complete combustion produce

A

CO2 and H2O

32
Q

what does incomplete combustion produce

A

carbon monoxide and soot

33
Q

what does the combustion of alkanes release

A

carbon dioxide
nitrogen oxide
sulphur dioxide

34
Q

what is bad about carbon dioxide

A

its a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere and causes climate change

35
Q

what is bad about nitrogen oxide

A

it dissolves in rainwater and causes acid rain

36
Q

what is bad about sulphur dioxide

A

it dissolves in rainwater and causes acid rain

37
Q

what is a substitution reaction

A

a reaction that happens when halogens react with alkanes

38
Q

what is the reaction called when alkanes react with halogens

A

a substitution reaction

39
Q

what does a substitution reaction require

A

UV light

40
Q

why does a substitution reaction need UV light

A

because alkanes are very unreactive

41
Q

what is cracking

A

when a longer alkane is broken down into a smaller, more useful one

42
Q

what temperature is cracking done under

A

650 degrees

43
Q

what catalyst is used for cracking

A

aluminium oxide

44
Q

an example of cracking

A

C5H12->C2H6+C3H6
pentane>ethane+propene

45
Q

what is an alkene

A

hydrocarbons that fit into the formula CnH2n

46
Q

what is different about alkenes and alkanes

A

alkenes have one C=C double bond in their carbon chain, while alkanes dont

47
Q

when does an additional polymer form?

A

when molecules with a C=C double bond add into chains

48
Q

in an additional polymer, what’re the small molecules that add together called?

A

monomers

49
Q

GO OVER COMMON POLYMERS

A

GO OVER COMMON POLYMERS

50
Q

why do addition polymers have disposal problems

A

they are inert, which mens they are chemically very unreactive and don’t break down very easily

chemistry 1st mock (10 decks)

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