organic tests for functional groups Flashcards
test for alcohol (-OH)
- PCl5 - misty fumes that form a white smoke with NH3(g) or turns damp blue litmus red
- Acidified dichromate - turns green with 1o and 2o alcohols
- Sodium - gentle effervescence & white ppt
- Warm with carboxylic acid & c.H2SO4 - fruity ester smell
test for alkene (C=C)
- Decolourise bromine water (orange to colourless)
- Burns with smoky flame
- KMnO4 - purple to brown
test for haloalkanes (-X)
Warm with aqueous NaOH & then add HNO3 & AgNO3
Chloro gives white precipitate
Bromo gives cream/pale yellow precipitate
Iodo gives yellow precipitate
test for aldehyde (-C=O -H)
- Fehlings/Benedicts - red ppt
- Tollens - silver mirror
2,4-DNP (Brady’s) - orange ppt & then mpt analysis
test for ketone (-C=O -)
2,4-DNP (Brady’s) - orange ppt and then do mpt analysis
test for carboxylic acid (-C=O -OH)
- PCl5 - misty fumes that form a white smoke with NH3(g) or turns damp blue litmus red
- Sodium - gentle effervescence & white ppte
- Warm with alcohol & c.H2SO4 - fruity ester smell
- Add carbonate - effervescence
test for ester (-C=O -OH)
fruity smell
test for acyl chloride (-C=O -Cl)
Add water - misty fumes that form a white smoke with NH3(g) or turns damp blue litmus red
test for amine (-NH2)
- Soluble in acid
- Turns red litmus blue
- Blue ppt/deep blue solution with CuSO4
test for amide (-C=O -NH2)
Dilute NaOH will produce NH3 which will turn damp red litmus blue
what is the phenyl functional group?
benzene with at least one bond
what is a nitrile functional group?
-C=-(triple bond) N
what is the functional group of an amino acid?
H2NCHRCOOH