Organic Test 2 Flashcards
What are the 8 different types of reactions that occur?
- Addition of H-X to an Alkene
- Acid-Catalyzed hydration of an Alkene
- Addition of a bromine or chlorine (Alkene)
- Carbocation Rearrangements
- Hydroboration-oxidation of an alkene
- Reduction of an alkene: to alkane
- Alkylation on an Acetylide Anion
- Reduction of an alkyne
What occurs during the addition of H-X to an alkene?
-It is regioselective
-follows markovnikovs rule
-occurs in 2 steps and involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate
What occurs during the acid-cataylzed hydration of an alkene?
-regioselective
-follows markovnikovs rule
-occurs in 2 steps and forms a carbocation intermediate
Catalyst= H2SO4
-includes a carbocation rearrangement
What happens in the addition of bromine and chlorine to an alkene?
-addition of a halogen occurs in 2 steps
-anti-stereoselective by way of a bridged bromonium or chlorium ion intermediate
Catalyst= CH2Cl2
What occurs in a carbocation rearrangement?
-occurs when a less stable carbocation intermediate is rearranged for a more stable one
-occurs in acid-catalysed hydration and hydrochlorination of alkenes
What occurs in a Hydroboration-Oxidation of an alkene?
-the addition of BH3 to an alkene
-is syn-stereoselective and regioselective
-boron adds to the less substituted carbon; hydrogen adds to the more substituted carbon
-results in anti-markovnikovs hydration
Catalyst=BH3 x THF and NaOH, H2O2
What happens in the reduction of an alkene? (formation of an alkane)
Catalyst = transition metal catalyst
-syn-stereoselective addition of H
What happens in am Alkylation of an Acetylide anion?
-Acetylides are nucleophiles; displace halogen
What happens in the reduction of an alkyne?
-Catalytic reduction using a transition metal catalyst gives an alkane
Catalyst= 2 H2 (3 atm) and (Pd, Pt, Ni)
-Overall leads to an alkane
-Catalytic reduction using a Lindlar catalyst gives a cis alkene
Catalyst= H2 and Lindlar catalyst
-Overall leads to an alkene
