Organic Techniques

Question 1

Separation

Answer 1

Removes any water soluble impurities from product

If product is insoluble in water separation is used to remove impurities dissolved in water

Pour mixture into separating funnel
Shake funnel and allow to settle
Organic layer (top) and aqueous layer(bottom) forms
Open tap run off each layer

Question 2

Reflux

Answer 2

It make sure you don’t lose any volatile organic substances

If you don’t reflux organic reactions they’ll evaporate or catch fire before having time to react

A mixture is heated in aflask with a vertical Liebig condenser- this continuously boils evaporates and condenses giving time for each reactant to react

Heating is usually electrical. You should avoids hot flames or naked because they may ignite compounds

Question 3

Distillation

Answer 3

separate substances with different boiling points

Works by gently heating amixture in a distillation apparatus. substances will evaporate out of the mixture in order of increasing boiling points