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Edexcel A-Level Chemistry > Organic Synthesis Reactions > Flashcards

Organic Synthesis Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

Alkene -> poly (alkene)

A

High pressure, catalyst (e.g. Ziegler Natta) and polymerisation

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2
Q

Alkene -> dihalogenoalkane

A

Br2, Cl2
Room temp
Electrophilic addition

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3
Q

Dihalogenoalkane-> Diol

A

KOH (aq)
Heat under reflux
Nucleophilic substitution

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4
Q

Alkene -> halogenoalkane

A

HBr, HCl
Room temp
Electrophilic addition

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5
Q

Alkene -> Diol

A

KMnO4
Oxidation

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6
Q

Alkene -> alkane

A

H2
Nickel catalyst
Addition/ reduction

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7
Q

Alkane -> halogenoalkane

A

Br2, Cl2
UV light
Free radicals substitution

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

Halogenoalkane -> alkene

A

KOH alcoholic
Heat under reflux
Elimination

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10
Q

Alkene -> alcohol

A

Steam
Catalyst= Conc H3PO4

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11
Q

Alcohol -> Alkene

A

Conc H3PO4
Elimination
Dehydration

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12
Q

Alcohol -> Halogenoalkane

A

PCl5
NaBr/ H2SO4
Red phosphorous mixture with Br or I2
Heat under reflux
Substitution

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13
Q

Halogenoalkane -> alcohol

A

KOH (aq)
Heat under reflux
Nucleophilic substitution

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14
Q

Halogenoalkane -> Amine

A

Alcoholic NH3
Heat under pressure
Nucleophilic substitution

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15
Q

Halogenoalkane -> Nitrile

A

CN- in ethanol/water mixture
Nucleophilic substitution

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16
Q

Nitrile -> amine

A

LiAlH4
Reduction

17
Q

Amine -> 2o amine / 3o amine

A

Halogenoalkane
Nucleophilic substitution

18
Q

Amine -> secondary amide

A

Acyl chloride
Room temp
Nucleophilic addition / elimination

19
Q

Nitrile -> carboxylic acid

A

Acid hydrolysis
Heat with HCl

20
Q

Acyl chloride -> secondary amide

A

1o amine
Room temp

21
Q

Acyl chloride -> primary amide

A

NH3
Room temp

22
Q

Acyl chloride -> ester

A

Alcohol
Room temp

23
Q

Alcohol -> ester

A

Carboxylic acid + H2SO4
Heat
Esterification

24
Q

Acyl chloride -> Carboxylic acid

A

H2O
Room temp

25
Q

Carboxylic acid -> Acyl chloride

26
Q

Carboxylic acid -> ester

A

Alcohol +H2SO4
Heat
Esterification

27
Q

Carboxylic acid -> alcohol

A

LiAlH4
Reduction

28
Q

Aldehyde -> carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7/ H+
Heat under reflux + excess oxidising agent
Oxidation

29
Q

Aldehyde -> alcohol

A

LiAlH4
Reduction

30
Q

Alcohol -> aldehyde PRIMARY

A

K2CR2O7/ H+
If primary: heat gently and distill partial oxidation

31
Q

Alcohol -> ketone

A

K2Cr2O7/ H+
IF SECONDARY, heat under reflux and oxidation

32
Q

Ketone-> alcohol

A

LiAlH4
Reduction

33
Q

Aldehyde/ Ketone -> hydroxynitrile

A

HCN + KCN
Nucleophilic addition

Edexcel A-Level Chemistry (15 decks)

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