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A LEVEL CHEM > ORGANIC SYNTHESIS PART 1 > Flashcards

ORGANIC SYNTHESIS PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

alkane into haloalkane?

A
  • free radical substitution
  • UV light step 1
  • halogen
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2
Q

haloalkane to primary amine

A

concentrated NH3 in excess
heat under pressure
nucleophilic substitution

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3
Q

primary amine to alkyl ammonium salts

A

dilute HCl
room temp
basically can act as a base and accept a proton forming a salt

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4
Q

tertiary amine to quaternary ammonium salt

A

halogenoalkane
heat
nucleophilic substitution

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5
Q

secondary amine to tertiary amine

A

haloalkane
heat
nucleophilic substitution

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6
Q

primary amine to secondary amine

A

haloalkane
heat
nucleophilic substitution

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7
Q

haloalkane to alkene

A

NaOH in ethanol
heat
elimination

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8
Q

alkene to haloalkane

A

hydrogen halide
room temp
electrophilic addition

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9
Q

haloalkane to alcohol

A

NaOH aq
heat under reflux
nucleophilic substitution

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10
Q

haloalkane to nitrile

A

KCN in ethanol
heat
nucleophilic substitution

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11
Q

nitrile to primary amine

A

LiAlH4 in dry ether
heat
reduction

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12
Q

alkene to dihaloalkanes

A

halogen
room temperature
electrophilic addition

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13
Q

dihaloalkanes to diols

A

NaOH aq
heat under reflux
nucleophilic substitution

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14
Q

alkene to alcohol

A

steam + h2so4
heat
hydration

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15
Q

alcohol to alkene

A

acid catalyst
heat
elimination

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16
Q

alcohol to ketone

A

acidifed potassium dichromate
heat
oxidation

ONLY WORKS IF ALCOHOL IS SECONDARY

17
Q

ketone to alcohol

A

NaBH4 aq
heat
reduction

18
Q

alcohol to aldehyde

A

acidifed potassium dichromate
oxidation
heat to distill at boiling point

19
Q

aldehyde to alcohol

A

NaBH4 aq
heat
reduction

20
Q

nitriles to carboxylic acid

A

dilute hcl and water
heat
hydrolysis

21
Q

aldehydes to carboxylic acid

A

acidifed potassium dichromate
heat under reflux
oxidation

22
Q

carboxylic acids to aldehydes

A

not in spec

23
Q

carboxylic acids to esters

A

alcohol and strong acid catalyst h2so4
esterification

24
Q

acyl chloride to ester

A

alcohol
room temperature
nucleophilic addition elimination

25
Q

carboxylic acids to carboxylate ion

A

NaOH
room temp
acid base

26
Q

acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

water
room temperature
nucleophilic addition elimination

27
Q

acyl chloride to amide

A

amines
room temperature
nucleophilic addition elimination

28
Q

acyl chloride to N substituted amide

A

primary or secondary amine
room temperature
nucleophilic addition elimination

A LEVEL CHEM (33 decks)

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