Organic Synthesis, getting between functional groups Flashcards

1
Q

How do you get from an alcohol to an aldehyde?

A

Start with a primary alcohol.
Acidified Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7) with dilute Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) under reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do get from an aldehyde to an alcohol?

A

Lithium Aluminium Hydride (LiAlH4), in a Dry Ether

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you get from an alcohol to a Ketone?

A

Start with a secondary Alcohol.
Acidified Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7) with dilute Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) under Reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you get from a Ketone to an alcohol?

A

Lithium Aluminium Hydride (LiAlH4), in a Dry Ether

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you get from an alcohol to an ester?

A

Carboxylic acid, Acid catalyst and heat.
or
An acyl Chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do you get from an ester to an alcohol?

A

Dilute Acid or alcohol Reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do you get from an alcohol to an iodoalkane?

A

Reflux Red Phosphorus and I2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you get from an alcohol to an alkene?

A

Conc H3PO4 - 170c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do you get from an alkene to an alcohol?

A

steam with a H3PO4 Catalyst.
60 - 70 atm (high Pressure).
300c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you get from an alcohol to a Chloroalkane?

A

PCl5 or HCl.
20c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do you get from an alcohol to a Bromoalkane?

A

KBr (50% conc), H2SO4.
20c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you get from a halogenoalkane to an alcohol?

A

Warm aqueous KOH Reflux. or.
Mg (dry ether), then carbonyl, then dilute acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you get from an alkene to a halogenoalkane?

A

Halogen2
20c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you get from an alkene to a diol?

A

Acidified KMnO4
20c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you get from an alkene to an alkane?

A

H2, Nickle catalyst
150c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you get from an alkene to a halogenoalkane?

A

Hydrogen Halide at 20c

17
Q

How do you get from a halogenoalkane to an alkene?

A

KOH, Ethanol Reflux

18
Q

How do you go from an alkane to a halogenoalkane?

A

Halogen (x2)
UV light

19
Q

How do you get from a Halogenoalkane to a primary amine?

A

Excess ethanoic ammonia, Heat

20
Q

How do you get from a Halogenoalkane to a Nitrile?

A

KCN, ethanol reflux

21
Q

How do you get from a nitrile to a Carboxylic Acid?

A

Dilute HCL Reflux

22
Q

How do you get from a Halogenoalkane to a Carboxylic Acid

A

Mg, Dry Ether, then CO2, then dilute acid

23
Q

How do you get from a Primary amine to a Amine?

A

Halogenoalkane

24
Q

How do you get from a Carboxylic Acid to an Alcohol?

A

LiAlH4
Produces Primary Alcohol

25
Q

How do you get from a Carboxylic Acid to an Ester?

A

Alcohol, Acid Catalyst, Heat

26
Q

How do you get from an Ester to a Carboxylic Acid?

A

Dilute Acid or alkali reflux

27
Q

How do you get from a Carboxylic Acid to an Acyl Chloride?

A

PCl5
20c

28
Q

How do you get from an Acyl Chloride to a Carboxylic Acid?

A

cold H2O

29
Q

How do you get from an Acyl Chloride to an Amide?

A

NH3, 20c - To make primary amine
primary amine, 20c - to make N-substituted amine

30
Q

How do you get from Benzene to a halobenzene?

A

Halogen2
Halogen Carrier,
20c

31
Q

How do you get from Benzene to a Phenylketone?

A

Acyl Chloride, AlCl3 catalyst, reflux

32
Q

How do you get from Benzene to Alkyl Benzen?

A

Halogenoalkane, AlCl3 Catalyst
reflux

33
Q

How do you get from Benzene to Nitrobenzene?

A

Concentrated HNO3
Concentrated H2SO4,
bellow 55c

34
Q

How do you get a phenylamine?

A

From a Nitrobenzene

35
Q

How do you get a phenylamine from a Nitrobenzene?

A

tin
Concentrated HCl,
Reflux,
then NaOH