Organic Synthesis, getting between functional groups Flashcards
How do you get from an alcohol to an aldehyde?
Start with a primary alcohol.
Acidified Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7) with dilute Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) under reflux
How do get from an aldehyde to an alcohol?
Lithium Aluminium Hydride (LiAlH4), in a Dry Ether
How do you get from an alcohol to a Ketone?
Start with a secondary Alcohol.
Acidified Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7) with dilute Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) under Reflux
How do you get from a Ketone to an alcohol?
Lithium Aluminium Hydride (LiAlH4), in a Dry Ether
How do you get from an alcohol to an ester?
Carboxylic acid, Acid catalyst and heat.
or
An acyl Chloride
How do you get from an ester to an alcohol?
Dilute Acid or alcohol Reflux
How do you get from an alcohol to an iodoalkane?
Reflux Red Phosphorus and I2
How do you get from an alcohol to an alkene?
Conc H3PO4 - 170c
How do you get from an alkene to an alcohol?
steam with a H3PO4 Catalyst.
60 - 70 atm (high Pressure).
300c
How do you get from an alcohol to a Chloroalkane?
PCl5 or HCl.
20c
How do you get from an alcohol to a Bromoalkane?
KBr (50% conc), H2SO4.
20c
How do you get from a halogenoalkane to an alcohol?
Warm aqueous KOH Reflux. or.
Mg (dry ether), then carbonyl, then dilute acid
How do you get from an alkene to a halogenoalkane?
Halogen2
20c
How do you get from an alkene to a diol?
Acidified KMnO4
20c
How do you get from an alkene to an alkane?
H2, Nickle catalyst
150c
How do you get from an alkene to a halogenoalkane?
Hydrogen Halide at 20c
How do you get from a halogenoalkane to an alkene?
KOH, Ethanol Reflux
How do you go from an alkane to a halogenoalkane?
Halogen (x2)
UV light
How do you get from a Halogenoalkane to a primary amine?
Excess ethanoic ammonia, Heat
How do you get from a Halogenoalkane to a Nitrile?
KCN, ethanol reflux
How do you get from a nitrile to a Carboxylic Acid?
Dilute HCL Reflux
How do you get from a Halogenoalkane to a Carboxylic Acid
Mg, Dry Ether, then CO2, then dilute acid
How do you get from a Primary amine to a Amine?
Halogenoalkane
How do you get from a Carboxylic Acid to an Alcohol?
LiAlH4
Produces Primary Alcohol