Chemical Tests Flashcards
What is the test for halide ions?
Add HNO3 and then AgNo3 to produce a precipitate
What colour precipitate do Chloride ions produce?
White
How does Chlorides precipitate disolve?
In dilute NH3
What colour precipitate do Bromide ions produce?
Cream
How does Bromides precipitate disolve?
Concentrated NH3
What colour precipitate do iodine ions produce?
Yellow
How does Iodines precipitate disolve?
Does not disolve in NH3
What is the test for ammonium (NH4)?
Add NaOH to produce NH3 (which can be tested)
What is the test for NH3?
Red litmus Paper
What is a positive test result for NH3?
Turns red litmus paper Blue
What is the test for carbonates (CO3^2-)?
Add HCl to produce CO2 (which can be tested)
What is the test for CO2?
Bubbling through Lime Water
What is a positive test for CO2?
Turns Lime Water Cloudy
What is the test for Sulphate ions (SO4^2-)?
Add BaCl2
What is the positive test for Sulphate Ions?
A white precipitate of barium sulphate (BaSO4)
What is the test for alcohols?
Add PlCl5
or Acidified Potassium Dicromate
What is the positive test for PlCl5 alcohol test?
Steamy white fumes of HCl
What is the positive test for alcohols using accidified potassium dichromate?
Orange to green colour change
What is the test for alkenes?
Bromine water
What is the positive test for alkenes?
Bromine water goes from Orange to colourless
Whats the test for haloalkanes?
Dissolve in ethanol, add water, do the halide test as normal
What is the test for Aldehydes and Ketones (Carbonyl Group)?
Bradys Reagent/2-4 DNPH
What is a positive result for a carbonyl group with 2-4 DNPH?
Orange Precipitate
What is the test for Aldehydes?
Tollen’s Reagent.
Fheling’s Solution
What is the positive result for Tollen’s Test?
Silver Mirror
Whats the positive result for Fheling’s Reagent?
Red precipitate
What is the test for Methyl Ketones?
Iodoform Test:
Add NaOH and I2
What is a positive result for the iodoform test?
Yellow Precipitate (CHI3 iodoform (antiseptic smell))
What is the test for Carboxylic acids?
PCl5
What is the positive result for the test for Carboxylic Acids?
Steamy White Fumes (HCl)
What is the test for Benzene?
Bromine water.
Combustion.
What is the positive result for Benzene in Bromine Water?
No colour Change (Not a good test)
What is the positive result for benzene with combustion?
Sooty Flame
What is the test for esters?
No easy one
What is the test for amides?
No easy one
What flame test colour is Lithium?
Red
What flame test colour is Sodium?
Yellow
What flame test colour is Potassium?
Lilac
What flame test colour is Rubidium?
Red/Purple
What flame test colour is Caesium?
Blue/Violet
What flame test colour is Beryllium?
NO COLOUR
What flame test colour is Magnesium?
NO COLOUR
What is the flame test colour for Calcium?
(brick) Red
What is the flame test colour for strontium?
(crimson) Red
What is the flame test colour for Barium?
(apple) Green
What colour is Ti(3+) ion?
Purple
What colour is Ti(2+) ion?
Violet
What colour is VO2(+) ion?
Yellow
What colour is VO(2+) ion?
Blue
What colour is V(3+) ion?
Green
What colour is V(2+) ion?
Violet
What colour is Cr2O7(2-) ion?
Orange
What colour is Cr(3+) ion?
Green
What colour is MnO4(-) ion?
Purple
What colour is MnO4(2-) ion?
Green
What colour is Mn(2+) ion?
Pale Pink
What colour is Fe(3+) ion?
Yellow
What colour is Fe(2+) ion?
Pale Green
What colour is Co(2+) ion?
Pink
What colour is Ni(2+) ion?
Green
What colour is Cu(2+) ion?
Pale Blue
