Organic Synthesis and Analytical Techniques UNIT 4

Question 1

Reflux

Answer 1

Used to react volatile substances together to prevent substances from escaping

Question 2

Distillation

Answer 2

Distillation is a separation technique ✓
Used to separate liquids with different boiling points and
to prevent further reaction ✓

Question 3

Purification: Redistillation

Answer 3

Re-distil to get purer product. Collect the fraction having the
boiling point of the pure compound ✓

Question 4

Purification: Separating funnel

Answer 4

Products of a reaction and water is added to a separating
funnel and the funnel is shaken and then allowed to settle. ✓
Less dense organic layer settles at the top. ✓
Water-soluble impurities dissolve in the lower aqueous layer ✓
Stopper is turned, aqueous layer is run off. ✓

Question 5

Drying agents

Answer 5

Anhydrous MgSO4 or CaCl2 is used as a drying agent ✓
Drying agent can be removed by filtration once it settles to the bottom ✓

Question 6

Vacuum Filtration

Answer 6

Solids can be filtered under vacuum ✓

Question 7

Alkane to Haloalkane

Answer 7

X(2), UV light, high temperature

Question 8

Haloalkane to Alcohol

Answer 8

Warm NaOH/KOH, H20,reflux

Question 9

Alcohol to Haloalkane

Answer 9

NAX,H2SO4 20°C

Question 10

Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid

Answer 10

K2CR2O7, H2SO4 HEAT 1°C REFLUX APPARATUS

Question 11

Aldehyde to Carboxylic Acid

Answer 11

K2CR2O7, H2SO4 HEAT ALDEHYDE REFLUX

Question 12

Alcohol to Aldehyde

Answer 12

K2CR2O7, H2SO4 HEAT 1°C ALCOHOL DISTILLATION

Question 13

Alcohol to Ketone

Answer 13

K2CR207, H2SO4 HEAT AND 2°C ALCOHOL REFLUX

Question 14

Alkene to Haloalkane

Answer 14

HX , 20°C

Question 15

ALKENE TO ALKANE

Answer 15

H2, NICKEL CATALYST, 150°C

Question 16

ALKENE TO DIHALOALKANE

Answer 16

X2, 20°C

Question 17

ALCOHOL TO ALKENE

Answer 17

CONC. H3PO4 OR H2SO4 HEAT

Question 18

ALKENE TO ALCOHOL

Answer 18

STEAM, H3PO4 CATALYST, 60-70ATM, 300°C