Organic Synthesis

Question 1

When doing organic synthesis reaction questions, what are the 4 things you should include in your answer?

Answer 1

1) Type of reaction
2) Special procedures
3) Conditions
4) Safety precautions

Question 2

Suggest how you would get from an alkene to an alkane

Answer 2

1) Addition Reaction
2) react with H2 gas
3) Nickel catalyst, 500 degrees, 5 atm

Question 3

Suggest how you would get from an alkene to a Halogenoalkane

Answer 3

1) Addition Reactions
2) React with aqueous HBr (or HCl)
3) room temp.

Question 4

Suggest how you would get from an alkane to a Halogenoalkane

Answer 4

1) Substitution reaction
2) liquid Br2
3) UV light/sunlight
4) Br2 is corrosive don’t get it on skin

Question 5

Suggest how you would get from a halogenoalkane to a primary amine

Answer 5

1) Substitution reaction

2) Heat in Sealed tube with conc NH3(aq)

Question 6

Suggest how you would get from a halogenoalkane to an alcohol

Answer 6

1) Substitution reaction
2) React with NaOH (aq)
3) Under reflux

Question 7

Suggest how you would get from a halogenoalkane to a nitrite

Answer 7

1) Substitution reaction
2) React with NaCN in aqueous ethanol solution
3) reflux

Question 8

Suggest how you would get from a alcohol to a halogenoalkane

Answer 8

1) Substitution reaction
2) React with NaBr (s)
3) concentrated H2SO4 and heat under reflux

Question 9

Suggest how you would get from a alcohol to an alkene

Answer 9

1) Elimination Reaction
2) solid Al2O3 catalyst at 300 degrees c
3) Or Conc.H2SO4 under reflux followed by H2O

Question 10

Suggest how you would get from an alcohol to an aldehyde

Answer 10

1) Oxidation
2) Cr2O7^2- /H+(aq)
3) Heat under reflux
4) allow to oxidise further to get a carboxylic acid

Question 11

Suggest how you would get from a aldehyde to an alcohol

Answer 11

1) Redcution
2) React with NaBH4
3) Standard conditions

Question 12

Suggest how you would get from a aldehyde to a carboxylic acid

Answer 12

1) Oxidation
2) Cr2O7^2- /H+(aq)
3) Heat under reflux

Question 13

Suggest how to get from a carboxylic acid to an ester

Answer 13

1) Esterification
2) React with an alcohol
3) using conc. sulphuric acid
4) Heat under reflux

Question 14

Suggest how to get from an ester to a carboxylic acid

Answer 14

1) Hydrolysis reaction
2) React with aqueous H+ ions and water
3) heat under reflux

Question 15

Suggest how to get from a carboxylic acid to an acyl chloride

Answer 15

1) Substitution reaction
2) Add Scl2O
3) Heat under Reflux

Question 16

Suggest how to get from an acyl chloride to an ester

Answer 16

1) Acylation
2) React with an alcohol
3) at room temperature

Question 17

Suggest how to get from a nitrite to a carboxylic acid

Answer 17

-substitution reaction

– React with H+(aq) and H2O

-Heat under reflux

Question 18

Suggest how to get from an acyl chloride to a secondary amide

Answer 18

• acylation reaction

– React with An amine

-under room temperature

Question 19

Suggest how to get from an acyl chloride to a primary amide

Answer 19

– Acylation reaction

– React with concentrated ammonia

– At room temperature