Organic Synthesis

Question 1

Alkene to Alcohol

Answer 1

Conc. H3PO4, High temperature, High pressure of over 50 atm

Question 2

Alcohol to Alkene

Answer 2

Conc H2SO4, 180C

Question 3

Alcohol to Aldehyde

Answer 3

Kr2Cr2O7, H2SO4, heat

Question 4

Aldehyde to Alcohol

Answer 4

(Primary) NaBH4 in water/alcohol

Question 5

Aldehyde to Carboxylic Acid

Answer 5

Kr2Cr2O7, H2SO4, heat or Tollen’s reagent or Fehling’s solution

Question 6

Aldehyde or Ketone to 2-hydroxynitrile

Answer 6

HCN

Question 7

Ketone to Alcohol

Answer 7

(Secondary) NaBH4 in water/alcohol

Question 8

Alcohol to Ketone

Answer 8

Kr2Cr2O7, H2SO4, heat

Question 9

Haloalkane to Alcohol

Answer 9

NAOH (aq), warm

Question 10

Haloalkane to Nitrile

Answer 10

KCN (ethanol), heat

Question 11

Haloalkane to Alkene

Answer 11

KOH (ethanol), hot

Question 12

Alkene to Haloalkane

Answer 12

HX eg. HBR

Question 13

Alkene to Alkane

Answer 13

H2, Ni, 200C

Question 14

Alkane to Haloalkane

Answer 14

Halogen (X2) uv light

Question 15

Alcohol to Ester

Answer 15

Carboxylic acid, conc H2SO4 or acid chloride or acid anhydride

Question 16

Carboxylic acid to Ester

Answer 16

Alcohol, conc. H2SO4

Question 17

Haloalkane to Amine

Answer 17

NH3, heat

Question 18

Nitrile to Amine

Answer 18

H2, Ni, 200C or LIAlH4

Question 19

Amine to Amide

Answer 19

acid chloride or acid anhydride

Question 20

Acyl Chloride to Electrophile

Answer 20

AlCl3

Question 21

Nitrobenzene to Phenylamine

Answer 21

Tin and HCl