Organic Synthesis Flashcards
How to produce an alcohol from an lake Elsinore
-electrophilic addition with H2SO4
-hydrolysis with warm H2O
How to produce an alkene from an alcohol
-elimination (+dehydration)
-conc H2SO4 or conc H3PO4
How to produce an aldehyde from a primary alcohol
-partial oxidation
-k2Cr2O7 + H2SO4
-heat and distil
How to produce a primary alcohol from an aldehyde
-Nucelophilic addition
-NaBH4
-Reduction
How to produce a carboxylic acid from a aldehyde - primary
-oxidation
-k2Cr2O7 + H2SO4
-heat under reflux + excess oxidising agent
How to produce an ester from a carboxylic acid
-esterification
-alcohol +H2SO4
-heat
How to produce an ester from an alcohol
-esterification
-carboxylic acid + H2SO4
-heat
How to produce a hydroxylnitrile from an aldehyde
- nucleophilic addition
-KCN +H2SO4
How to produce a ketone from a secondary alcohol
-oxidation
-K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4
-heat
How to produce a secondary alcohol from a ketone
-nucleophilic addition
-NaBH4
-reduction
How to produce a hydroxynitrile from a ketone
-nucleophilic addition
-KCN + H2SO4
How to produce a haloalkane from an alkene
-electrophilic addition
-HBr or HCl
-room temp
How to produce an alkene from a haloalkane
-elimination
- alcoholic KOH
-heat under reflux
How is an alkylhyrodgen sulphate produce from an alkene
-Conc H2SO4
How is an alcohol produced from an alkylhydrogen sulphate
Dilute + warm
How is an alkane produced from alkene
-H2 , Ni, 200 oC
How is a haloalkane produced from an alkane
-free radical substitution
-Br2 or Cl2
-UV light
How to produce a nitrile from a haloalkane
-nucleophilic sub
-KCN in ethanol +water
-heat under reflux
How is an amine produced from a haloalkane
-nucleophilic sub
-alcoholic NH3
-heat under pressure
How is a primary amine produced from a nitrile
-Reduction
-LiAlH4 in ether
How to produce a secondary,tertiary amide and a quaternary ammonium salt from an amine
-nucleophilic addition-elimination
-acyl chloride
-room temp
How to produce cyclohexane from benzene
-hydrogenation
-H2 + Ni
-200 oC
How to reduce a benzaldehyde from benzene
-electrophilic sub
-acylchloride
-in the presence of AlCl3 catalyst
How to produce a hydroxybenzene from benzaldehyde
-nucleophilic sub
-NaBH4
-reduction
How to produce nitrobenzene from benzene
-electrophilic sub
-conc nitric + conc sulphuric
- 25oC - 60 oC
How to produce amino benzene from nitrobenzene
-reduction
-Sn and HCl
How to produce N- sub amide from amino benzene
-CH3COCl
-nucleophilic addition -elimination = acylation
