Organic synthesis

Question 1

what is a chiral centre

Answer 1

atom in a molecule that is bonded to four different chemical species allowing for optical isomerism

Question 2

Identify functional groups and how many chiral centres there are

Answer 2

Question 3

Identify functional groups and how many chiral centres there are

Answer 3

Question 4

Identify functional groups and how many chiral centres there are

Answer 4

Question 5

Identify functional groups and how many chiral centres there are

Answer 5

Question 6

How can compounds be extended?
What type of mechanism is this?

Answer 6

by adding C-C bonds from reactions of haloalkanes or carbonyls with cyanide ions (:CN-). ​
​Nucleophilic addition

Question 7

How are nitriles formed

Answer 7

by refluxing a solution of haloalkane and KCN in ethanol

Question 8

How do you produce amines from nitriles?

Answer 8

H2
Ni catalyst
nitrile reduction

Question 9

equation for formation of propylamine using nitriles

Answer 9

Question 10

equation for formation of butanoic acid using nitriles

Answer 10

Question 10

How do you form a carboxylic acid using nitriles?

Answer 10

hydrolysis of a nitrile
using HCl aqueous
H2O
heat

Question 11

Answer 11

round bottom flask

Question 12

Answer 12

pear shaped flask

Question 13

Answer 13

reciever

Question 14

Answer 14

still head

Question 15

Answer 15

screw-tap adaptor

Question 16

Answer 16

liebig condenser

Question 17

How to prepare an organic liquid

Answer 17

1.Reflux/distillation
2.separate organic layer using separating funnel
3.Remove the water
dry hydrocarbons with anhydrous CaCl2
general drying with CaSO4
4. Purify the product
redistillation

Question 18

When do you use filtration under reduced pressure?

Answer 18

separating a solid product from a solvent or liquid reaction mixture

Question 19

Preparation of organic solid

Answer 19

1.Filter solid product from solvent using buchners flask under reduced pressure
2.dissolve in minimum volume of hot solvent
3. Allow the solution to cool until crystals of desired product form
4. When no more crystals form, filter under reduced pressure. Wash with cold water and dry to obtain dry crystalline solid

Question 20

filter under pressure diagram

Answer 20