Nitrogen compounds Flashcards
What are amines
Where one or more of the hydrogen atoms on ammonia have been replaced by alkyl or aryl chains
How are amines named?
longest hydrocarbon chain then adding suffix ‘amine’
If amino group is not on carbon 1 then the prefix amino is used instead and a number is added to indicate the position of the amine group
Name
ethylamine
Name
2-aminobutane
Name
butylamine
name
phenylamine
name
methylamine
name
2-methylpropylamine
name
2-chloroethylamine
name (nh2) ON TOP
4-aminophenol
name
3-aminopentane
name secondary amines
1) First you must identify the longest hydrocarbon chain that is attached to the nitrogen atom. This is the stem name which is put before the word ‘amine’
2) Then you must identify the other smaller hydrocarbon group attached to the nitrogen atom. This smaller group is put before the stem name
3) The prefix ‘N’ is used to show that the smaller group is attached the nitrogen atom. (Important Note: If the two hydrocarbon chains are the same length then using ‘N’ as a prefix is not necessary e.g diethylamine)
Name tertiary amines
1) First you must identify the longest hydrocarbon chain that is attached to the nitrogen atom. This is the stem name which is put before the word ‘amine’
2) Then you must identify the other smaller hydrocarbon groups attached to the nitrogen atom. This smaller group is put before the stem name in alphabetical order
3) The prefix ‘N,N’ is used to show that the smaller groups are attached the nitrogen atom. (Important Note: If the three hydrocarbon chains are the same length then using ‘N,N’ as a prefix is not necessary e.g triethylamine)
Name
N,N-dimethylethylamine
Name
N,N-dimethylphenylamine
Name
N-methylphenylamine
Name
N-propylbutylamine
Name
Trimethylamine
Name
Dimethylamine
Amines as bronsted lowry bases diagram and explain
Amine accepts a proton
Dative covalent bond is formed because the nitrogen atom supplies both shared electrons to the covalent bond (H)
Amines as Lewis bases explain and diagram
When an amine donates its lone pair to BF3 a dative covalent bond is also formed because one atom (the nitrogen atom) supplies both shared electrons to the covalent bond
Draw the displayed structure of the product formed when ethylamine reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid
Name product formed
ethylammonium chloride
general equation for amine and acid
reaction between ethylamine and hydrochloric acid
Nitrobenzene to phenyl amine equation and conditions
Tin (Sn) and concentrated HCl
reflux at 100 degrees celcius
Sodium hydroxide is added to neutralised excess HCl
Purification solvent extraction and further distillation
Step 1 (salt formation) mechanism type
nucleophilic substitution
Step 2 (primary amine formation) using NaOH
Step 2 (primary amine formation) using NH3
Mechanism for synthesis of a primary aliphatic amine using bromobutane and NH3
Step 1 salt formation using ammonia and chlorobutane
Step 2 primary amine formation with ammonia
Step 3 salt formation haloalkane and primary amine
step 4 secondary amine formation ammonium salt and sodium hydroxide
Step 5 salt formation
Step 6 tertiary amine formation
Step 7 salt formation quaternary ammonium salt
