Organic synthesis Flashcards by Poorva Kasture

Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

Steam + phosphoric acid catalyst
60 atm 300 degrees Celsius

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Q

Alkene to alkane

A

H2 + nickel catalyst

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Q

Alkene to halogenoalkane

A

H-X
room temp

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Q

Alkene to diol

A

acidified KMNO4
goes from purple to colourless

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Q

Alkene to dihalogenoalkane

A

X2
room temp

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Q

Alkene to polyalkene

A

high pressure + catalyst
polymerisation (addition)

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Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

H2SO4
conc phosphoric acid catalyst

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Q

Alcohol to ester

A

carboxcyllic acid + H2SO4
heat

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Q

Alcohol to halogenoalkane

A

PCl5, NaBr/H2SO4 or P+I2
heat under reflux

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Q

Alcohol to ketone

A

secondary alcohol
acidified K2Cr2O7
heat under reflux

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Q

Alcohol to carboxyllic acid

A

primary alcohol
acidified pottasium dichromate
heat under reflux

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Q

Alcohol to aldehyde

A

primary alcohol
acidified pottsium dichromate
heat then distill

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Q

Halogenoalkane to alcohol

A

warm NaOH and water
reflux

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Q

Halogenoalkane to nitrile

A

KCN in ethanol and water

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Q

Halogenoalkane to amine

A

ethanolic ammonia
- heat and pressure

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Q

Alkane to halogenoalkane

A

X2
UV light

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Q

Halogenoalkane to alkene

A

ethanolic KOH
heat under reflux

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Q

Aldehyde/ketone to hydroxynitrile

A

HCN+KCN

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Q

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

A

PCl5

Q

Acyl chloride to ester

A

alcohol
room temp

Q

Acyl chloride to secondary amide

A

primary amine
room temp

Q

Acyl chloride to primary amide

A

NH3
room temp

Q

Nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

heat with HCl
acid hydrolysis

Q

Nitrile to amine

A

LiALH4

Q

Amine to secondary amide

A

Acyl Chloride
room temp

Q

Amine to secondary/tertiary amine

A

halogenoalkane

Q

carbonyl compounds to alcohol

A

LiAlH4
in dry ether

Q

carboxylic acid to alcohol

A

LiAlH4
in dry ether

Q

2 ways to lengthen carbon chain

A

cyanide ions
Grignard reagent

Q

Benzene to nitrobenzene

A

conc nitric acid+sulphuric acid
lower than 55

Q

Nitrobenzene to phenyl amine

A

tin and HCl

Q

Aminobenzene to benzene with NH and CH3 group

A

Ch3Cl

Q

Amino benzene to benzene with attached NHC=OCH3

A

acetyl chloride (CH3COCl)

Q

Benzene to phenylketone

A

acyl chloride
anhydrous AlCl3 catalyst
reflux

Q

Phenyl ethanone to 1-phenylethan-1-ol

A

LiAlH4

Q

1-phenylethan-1-ol to phenyl propanoate

A

CH3COOH
H2SO4 and heat

Q

Benzene to halobenzene

A

X2
ALCl3 catalyst
warm conditions

Q

Benzene to alkyl benzene

A

Haloalkane
AlCl3/FeBr3 catalyst
under reflux

Q

Phenol to sodium phenoxide

A

NaOH
20 degrees celcius

Q

Phenol to 2,4,6 tribromophenol

A

bromine water
20 degrees

Q

Describe how grignard reagents are made

A

halogenoalkane dissolved in a dry ether then reacted with magnesium

Q

Grignard reagent with methanal

A

primary alcohol

Q

Grignard reagent with Aldehydes other than methanal

A

secondary alcohols

Q

Grignard reagent with ketones

A

tertiary alcohols

Q

Grignard reagent with CO2

A

carboxylic acids