Organic Synthesis Flashcards
Alkanes to haloalkanes
Free radical substitution
UV light
Haloalkanes to Primary amines
Nucleophillic substitution
XS NH3
Heat
Primary amine to secondary amine
Nucleophillic substitution
Haloalkane
Warm
Secondary amine to tertiary amine
Nucleophillic substitution
Haloalkane
Warm
Tertiary amine to quaternary ammonium salt
Nucleophillic substitution
Haloalkane
Warm
Haloalkane to alcohol
Nucleophillic substitution
aq NaOH
Warm heat under reflux
Haloalkane to alkene
Elimination
KOH ethanolic
Heat, distillation
Haloalkane to nitrile
Nucleophillic substitution
aq KCN
Heat, reflux
Alkene to dihaloalkane
Electrophillic addition
Halogen
Room temp
Alkene to haloalkane
Electrophillic addition
Hydrogen halide
Room temperature
Alkene to alkylhydrogen sulphate
Electrophillic addition
Conc sulfuric acid
Cold
Alkene to alcohol
Hydration
Water
H2SO4 catalyst
Warm
Primary amine to alkylammonium salt
Acid base
Dil HCl
Room temp
Alcohol to alkene
Dehydration
Al2O3 or conc acid
Nitriles to primary amines
Reduction
LiAlH4 in dry ether
Or H2 and Ni catalyst
S Alcohols to ketones
Oxidation
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
Heat under reflux
Ketones to Alcohols
Reduction
NaBH4 aq
Heat
Alcohols to aldehydes
Oxidation
Heat and distil
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
Aldehydes to alcohols
Reduction
aq NaBH4
Room temp
Nitriles to carboxylic acids
Hydrolysis
Dil HCl
Heat
Aldehydes to carboxylic acids
Oxidation
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
Heat under reflux
Carboxylic acids to aldehydes
Reduction
LiAlH4
Dry ether
Heat
Carboxylic acids to esters
Esterification
Alcohol
H2SO4
Heat
Carboxylic acids to carboxylate salts
Acid base
NaOH aq
Room temp
