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Chemistry > Organic synthesis > Flashcards

Organic synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkane to alkene

A

Cracking

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2
Q

Alkene to addition polymer

A

Polymerisation

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3
Q

Alkane to haloalkane

A

Halogen and UV light
Or sunlight

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4
Q

Alkene to alkane

A

Hydrogen gas
5 atm
150c
Nickel catalyst
OR platinum catalyst at room temp and pressure
Addition reaction

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5
Q

Alkene to haloalkane

A

HX(aq)
Room temp
Electrophilic addition

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6
Q

Haloalkane to nitrile

A

Reflux
NaCN in aq ethanol
Substitution

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6
Q

Haloalkane to amine

A

Conc NH3 (aq)
Sealed tube
Substitution

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7
Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

300c
Steam
60atm
H3PO4 catalyst
Electrophilic addition reaction

OR

H2SO4 catalyst and cold water

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8
Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

Reflux
Conc H2SO4
Followed by water
Elimination reaction

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9
Q

Haloalkane to alcohol

A

Reflux with aqueous NaOH
Nucleophilic substitution

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10
Q

Alcohol to ether

A

H2SO4
Heat
Primary alcohols only

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11
Q

Alcohol to aldehyde

A

Acidified potassium dichromate
Primary only
Distillation

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12
Q

Aldehyde to alcohol

A

LiBH4

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13
Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

A

Alcohol
Conc H2SO4 as a catalyst
Reflux
Esterifiication

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14
Q

Ester to carboxylic acid

A

Reflux
Dilute acid
Water
Hydrolysis

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15
Q

Alcohol to ketone

A

Secondary only
Reflux
Acidified potassium dichromate

16
Q

Ketone to alcohol

A

NaBH4

17
Q

Acyl chloride to ester

A

ROH
Room temp
Acylation

18
Q

Acyl chloride to secondary amide

A

Reflux primary amide
RNH2
Room temp
Acylation

19
Q

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

Water

20
Q

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

A

Reflux
SOCl2
Substitution

21
Q

Alcohol to carboxylic acid

A

Reflux
Primary only
Acidified potassium dichromate

22
Q

Nitrile to primary amine

A

LiAlH4
Lithium aluminium hydride

23
Q

Amide to carboxylic acid

A

H2SO4
Heat

24
Q

Alcohol to haloalkane

A

Reflux
Conc H2SO4
Substitution reaction
Na halide (NaBr(s))

25
Q

Alcohol to ketone

A

Reflux
Acidified potassium dichromate
Secondary only

26
Q

Acyl chloride to primary amide

A

Room temp
Acylation
conc. NH3(aq)

27
Q

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

Reflux
Acidified potassium dichromate

28
Q

Aldehyde to alcohol

A

NaBH4
Reduction

29
Q

What is an addition reaction?

A

Two molecules join together to form a single product
Involves breaking a double bond

30
Q

What is an elimination reaction?

A

Involves removing a functional group which is released as part of a small molecules
A double bond is often formed

31
Q

What is a substitution reaction?

A

A functional group on a molecule is swapped for a new one

32
Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A

Two molecules join together with the loss of a small molecule, such as water

33
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

A

Water is used to split apart a molecule creating two smaller ones

34
Q

What is an oxidation reaction?

A

A loss of electrons
In organic chemistry it usually means gaining an oxygen atom or losing a hydrogen atom

35
Q

What is a reduction reaction?

A

A gain of electrons
In organic chemistry it usually means gaining a hydrogen atom or losing an oxygen atom

36
Q

Alcohol and acidanhydride

A

Ester

Chemistry (12 decks)

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