Organic Synthesis Flashcards by Daniel Deane | Brainscape

Q

Alcohol to Aldehyde

Reagent and conditions

A

Acidification Potassiun Dichromate

Heat in distillation (1° alcohol)
Reflux (2° alcohol)

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Q

Alkene to Dihaloalkane

Reagent and conditions

A

Br² or Cl² or I² or F²

25°c

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Q

Alkane to Haloalkane

Reagent and conditions

A

Br² or Cl² or I² or F²

UV light

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Q

Nitrile to Primary amine

A

H² and Ni catalyst

Or

LiAlH⁴,dry then dilute acid

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Q

Carboxylic Acid to Ester

Reagents and conditions

A

Alcohol

Conc. Sulfuric acid catalyst
Reflux

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Q

Aldehyde/Ketone to Hydroxynitrile

A

Acidified KCN

25°C

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Q

Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid

Reagents and conditions

A

Acidification Potassium Dichromate

Reflux + Sulfuric Acid

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Q

Alkene to Alcohol

Reagents and conditions

A

H²O (steam)

H³PO⁴ catalyst, 300°C, 60 Atm

Or

H²O

Sulfuric Acid catalyst

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Q

Haloalkane to Alcohol

Reagents and conditions

A

Warm NaOH

Reflux

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Q

Alkene to Haloalkane

Reagent and conditions

A

HX

25°C

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Q

Alcohol to Alkene

Reagents and conditions

A

Dehydration

Conc. Sulfuric Acid catalyst

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Q

Haloalkane to Alkene

Reagents and conditions

A

NaOH

Warm ethanol
Reflux

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Q

Ester to Carboxylic Acid

Reagents and conditions

A

H²O

Dilute acid catalyst
Reflux
(hydrolysis)

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Q

Acyl Chloride/Acid Anhydride to Primary Amide

Reagents and conditions

A

NH³

25°C

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Q

Haloalkane to Primary, (2° + 3°) amine

Reagents and conditions

A

Excess NH³

Heat

Further substitutions for 2° and 3°

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Q

Acyl Chloride/ Acid Anhydride to N-Substitited Amide

Reagents and conditions

A

Amine

25°C

Q

Haloalkane to Nitrile

Reagents and conditions

A

KCN (aq)

Ethanol
Reflux

Q

Acyl Chloride/ Acid Anhydride to Ester

Reagents and conditions

A

Alcohol

25°C

Q

Aldehyde (only) to Carboxylic Acid

A

Acidification Potassium Dichromate

Sulfuric acid
Reflux

Q

Acyl Chloride/Acid Anhydride to Carboxylic Acid

A

H²O

25°C

Q

Aldehyde/Ketone to Alcohol

Reagents and conditions

A

NaBH⁴

In Water with Methanol