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A-level Chem > Organic reactions, reagents and conditions > Flashcards

Organic reactions, reagents and conditions Flashcards

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1
Q

alkane to halogenoalkane
mechanism name, reagents, conditions

A

free radical substitution
Reagent: X2(g)
conditions: UV light

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2
Q

alkane to alkene
process name and conditions for each type

A

cracking
thermal: very high temperature and very high pressure
catalytic: zeolite catalyst, moderate temperature and pressure

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3
Q

alkene to alkane
mechanism name, reagent and conditions

A

electrophillic addition
reagent: H2
conditions: nickel catalyst

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4
Q

alkene to polyalkene process name

A

addition polymerisation

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5
Q

alkene to halogenoalkane mechanism name and reagent

A

electrophillic addition
reagent: HX or X2 (for a dihalogenoalkane)

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6
Q

alkene to alcohol mechanism name, reagent and conditions

A

electrophillic addition
reagent: H2O as steam
conditions: concentrated H3PO4 catalyst and room temperature

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7
Q

halogenoalkane to amine mechanism name, reagent and conditions

A

nucleophillic substitution
reagent: conc NH3
conditions: excess NH3, heat under reflux, ethanolic solvent

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8
Q

halogenoalkane to nitrile mechanism name, reagent and conditions

A

nucleophillic substitution
reagent: KCN
condition: warm ethanolic solvent + heat under reflux

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9
Q

halogenoalkane to alcohol mechanism name, reagents, conditions

A

nucleophillic substitution
reagent: NaOH or KOH
conditions: heat under reflux and aqueous solvent

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10
Q

halogenoalkane to alkene mechanism name, reagents and conditions

A

elimination
reagents: KOH or NaOH
conditions: heat under reflux, ethanolic solvent, anhydrous environment

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11
Q

alcohol to alkene mechanism name and conditions

A

elimination
conditions: hot, concentrated phosphoric acid catalyst and reflux

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12
Q

alcohol to ester reaction name, reagents and conditions

A

esterification/condensation

reagent: carboxylic acid
conditions: heat under reflux with strong acid catalyst

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13
Q

alcohol to polyester reaction name, reagent

A

condensation
reagents: diol and dicarboxylic acid

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14
Q

primary alcohol to aldehyde reaction name, reagents and conditions

A

oxidation
reagents: acidified potassium dichromate
conditions: heat and distill product

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15
Q

Secondary alcohol to ketone reaction name, reagents and conditions

A

oxidation
reagent: acidified potassium dichromate
conditions: heat under reflux

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16
Q

ketone to secondary alcohol mechanism name, reagent and conditions

A

nucleophillic addition (reduction)
reagent: NaBH4
conditions: aqueous

17
Q

aldehyde to primary alcohol mechanism name, reagent and conditions

A

nucleophillic addition (reduction)
reagent: NaBH4
conditions: aqueous

18
Q

aldehyde/ketone to hydroxynitrile mechanism name, reagent and conditions

A

nucleophillic addition
reagent: KCN
conditions: HCl catalyst

19
Q

aldehyde to carboxylic acid reaction name, reagent, conditions

A

oxidation
reagent: acidified potassium dichromate
conditions: heat under reflux

20
Q

carboxylic acid to polyester reaction name and reagents

A

condensation
reagents: diol and dicarboxylic acid

21
Q

carboxylic acid to polyamide reaction name and reagents

A

condensation
reagents. diamine and dicarboxylic acid

22
Q

carboxylic acid to ester reaction names, reagents and conditions

A

esterification or condensation
reagents: alcohol
conditions: heat under reflux with strong acid catalyst

23
Q

ester to carboxylic acid reaction name, reagents and conditions

A

hydrolysis
reagent: water
conditions: acid catalyst

24
Q

ester to carboxylic salt reaction name, reagents and conditions

A

hydrolysis
reagent: OH-
conditions: warm, aqueous

25
Q

ester to alcohol reaction names, reagents and conditions

A

hydrolysis
reagent: H2O
conditions: acidic or alkaline

26
Q

nitrile to primary amine both ways
reaction names
mechanism name
reagents
conditions

A

hydrogenation
electrophillic addition
reagent: H2
conditions: Nickel catalyst

reduction
nucleophillic addition
reagent: LiAlH4
conditions: in ether (ethoxyethane)

27
Q

amine to polyamide reaction name and reagents

A

condensation
dicarboxylic acid and diamine

28
Q

amine to N substituted amide mechanism name, reagents and conditions

A

Nucleophillic addition elimination
reagent: acid anhydride or acyl chloride
conditions: anhydrous

29
Q

acid anhydride or acyl chloride to primary amide mechanism name, reagent and conditions

A

nucleophillic addition elimination
reagent: NH3
conditions: low temp, excess NH3

30
Q

acid anhydride or acyl chloride to ester mechanism name, reagents and conditions

A

nucleophillic addition elimination
reagent: alcohol
conditions: heat under reflux, anhydrous

31
Q

acid anhydride or acyl chloride to carboxylic acid mechanism name, reagents

A

nucleophillic addition elimination (acylation)
reagent: H2O

32
Q

benzene to phenyl ketone mechanism name, reagents and conditions

A

electrophillic substitution
reagent: acyl chloride
conditions: AlCl3 catalyst

33
Q

benzene to nitrobenzene mechanism name, reagents and conditions

A

electrophillic substitution
reagent: concentrated HNO3
conditions: concentrated H2SO4 catalyst, 55°C

34
Q

nitrobenzene to phenylamine reaction name, reagents and conditions

A

reduction
Concentrated HCl
Tin catalyst

35
Q

Alcohol to carboxylic acid reaction type, reagents and conditions

A

Oxidation
reagents: acidified potassium dichromate and primary alcohol
conditions: heat under reflux, XS acidified potassium dichromate

A-level Chem (35 decks)

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