Organic reactions, reagents and conditions Flashcards
alkane to halogenoalkane
mechanism name, reagents, conditions
free radical substitution
Reagent: X2(g)
conditions: UV light
alkane to alkene
process name and conditions for each type
cracking
thermal: very high temperature and very high pressure
catalytic: zeolite catalyst, moderate temperature and pressure
alkene to alkane
mechanism name, reagent and conditions
electrophillic addition
reagent: H2
conditions: nickel catalyst
alkene to polyalkene process name
addition polymerisation
alkene to halogenoalkane mechanism name and reagent
electrophillic addition
reagent: HX or X2 (for a dihalogenoalkane)
alkene to alcohol mechanism name, reagent and conditions
electrophillic addition
reagent: H2O as steam
conditions: concentrated H3PO4 catalyst and room temperature
halogenoalkane to amine mechanism name, reagent and conditions
nucleophillic substitution
reagent: conc NH3
conditions: excess NH3, heat under reflux, ethanolic solvent
halogenoalkane to nitrile mechanism name, reagent and conditions
nucleophillic substitution
reagent: KCN
condition: warm ethanolic solvent + heat under reflux
halogenoalkane to alcohol mechanism name, reagents, conditions
nucleophillic substitution
reagent: NaOH or KOH
conditions: heat under reflux and aqueous solvent
halogenoalkane to alkene mechanism name, reagents and conditions
elimination
reagents: KOH or NaOH
conditions: heat under reflux, ethanolic solvent, anhydrous environment
alcohol to alkene mechanism name and conditions
elimination
conditions: hot, concentrated phosphoric acid catalyst and reflux
alcohol to ester reaction name, reagents and conditions
esterification/condensation
reagent: carboxylic acid
conditions: heat under reflux with strong acid catalyst
alcohol to polyester reaction name, reagent
condensation
reagents: diol and dicarboxylic acid
primary alcohol to aldehyde reaction name, reagents and conditions
oxidation
reagents: acidified potassium dichromate
conditions: heat and distill product
Secondary alcohol to ketone reaction name, reagents and conditions
oxidation
reagent: acidified potassium dichromate
conditions: heat under reflux