Organic Reactions and Conditions Flashcards
1
Q
Give the reagent for the synthesis of alkanes and alkenes from an alkane
A
Hydrocarbons (crude oil)
2
Q
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of alkanes and alkenes from an alkane
A
Free-radical reaction
3
Q
Give the conditions for the synthesis of alkanes and alkenes from an alkane
A
7000 kPa
400-900*C
4
Q
Give the reagent for the synthesis of branched and cyclic alkanes and aromatics from an alkane
A
Hydrocarbons (crude oil)
5
Q
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of branched and cyclic alkanes and aromatics from an alkane
A
via carbocation
6
Q
Give the conditions for the synthesis of branched and cyclic alkanes and aromatics from an alkane
A
Zeolite catalyst
450*C
7
Q
Give the reagent for the synthesis of haloalkanes from alkanes (chlorination)
A
Cl2
8
Q
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of haloalkanes from alkanes (chlorination)
A
Free radical substitution
9
Q
Give the conditions for the synthesis of haloalkanes from alkanes (chlorination)
A
U.V. light
10
Q
Give the reagent for the synthesis of dibromoalkane from an alkene
A
Br2
11
Q
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of dibromoalkane from an alkene
A
Electrophilic addition
12
Q
Give the conditions for the synthesis of dibromoalkane from an alkene
A
Room temperature
aq/org. solvent
13
Q
Give the reagent for the synthesis of bromoalkane from an alkene
A
HBr
14
Q
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of bromoalkane from an alkene
A
Electrophilic addition
15
Q
Give the conditions for the synthesis of bromoalkane from an alkene
A
Bubble at room temperature
16
Q
Give the reagent for the synthesis of alkyl hydrogensulphate from an alkene
A
H2SO4
17
Q
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of alkyl hydrogensulphate from an alkene
A
Electrophilic addition
18
Q
Give the conditions for the synthesis of alkyl hydrogensulphate from an alkene
A
Cold conc. H2SO4
19
Q
Give the reagent for the synthesis of alcohol from an alkene
A
H2O
20
Q
Give the conditions for the synthesis of alcohol from an alkene
A
H3PO4 catalyst, 300*C, 6500 kPa
21
Q
Give the reagent for the synthesis of alkane from an alkene
A
H2
22
Q
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of alcohol from an alkene
A
Addition
23
Q
Give the conditions for the synthesis of alcohol from an alkene
A
Nickel catalyst
150*C
24
Q
Give the reagent for the synthesis of addition polymers from an alkene
A
Alkenes
25
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of addition polymers from an alkene
Addition polymerisation
26
Give the reagent for the synthesis of nitrile from a haloalkane
KCN or NaCN
27
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of nitrile from a haloalkane
Nucleophilic substitution
28
Give the conditions for the synthesis of nitrile from a haloalkane
Warm
| Aq alcohol
29
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 1* amine (and 2*, 3*, 4* salt) from a haloalkane
NH3
30
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 1* amine (and 2*, 3*, 4* salt) from a haloalkane
Nucleophilic substitution
31
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a 1* amine (and 2*, 3*, 4* salt) from a haloalkane
Sealed tube
| Excess ammonia
32
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an alcohol from a haloalkane
NaOH or KOH
33
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an alcohol from a haloalkane
Nucleophilic substitution
34
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an alcohol from a haloalkane
Warm
| Aqueous
35
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an alkene from a haloalkane
KOH
36
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an alkene from a haloalkane
Elimination
37
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an alkene from a haloalkane
Hot ethanolic solution
38
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an aldehyde or ketone from an alcohol
Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7/H2SO4)
39
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an aldehyde or ketone from a haloalkane
Oxidation
40
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an aldehyde from a haloalkane
Heat under reflux
Haloalkane in excess
Distil off products as soon as they are formed
41
What type of alcohol is necessary to synthesise it to an aldehyde?
1*
42
What type of alcohol is necessary to synthesise it to a ketone?
2*
43
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an alcohol
Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7/H2SO4)
44
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an alcohol
Oxidation
45
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an alcohol
Heat under reflux
| Oxidation agent in excess
46
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an alkene from an alcohol
H2SO4 or H3PO4
47
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an alkene from an alcohol
Elimination
48
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an alkene from an alcohol
Conc acid 180*C
49
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde
Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7/H2SO4) or Tollen's reagent or Fehling's solution
50
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde
Oxidation
51
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde using acidified potassium dichromate
Heat under reflux
52
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde using Tollen's solution
Warm gently
53
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde using Fehling's solution
Warm gently
54
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 1* alcohol from an aldehyde (hydrogenation)
H2
55
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 1* alcohol from an aldehyde (hydrogenation)
Reduction
56
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a 1* alcohol from an aldehyde (hydrogenation)
Nickel catalyst
150*C
High pressure
57
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 1* alcohol from an aldehyde (reduction using metal hydride)
NaBH4
58
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 1* alcohol from an aldehyde (reduction using metal hydride)
Nucleophilic addition
59
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 2-hydroxynitrile from an aldehyde
HCN
60
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 2-hydroxynitrile from an aldehyde
Nucleophilic addition
61
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a 2-hydroxynitrile from an aldehyde
KCN with dilute acid
62
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 2* alcohol from an ketones (hydrogenation)
H2
63
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 2* alcohol from an ketones (hydrogenation)
Reduction
64
Give conditions for the synthesis of a 2* alcohol from an ketones (hydrogenation)
Nickel catalyst
| 150*C
65
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 2* alcohol from an ketones (reduction by metal hydride)
NaBH4
66
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 2* alcohol from an ketones (reduction by metal hydride)
Nucleophilic addition
67
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a 2-hydroxynitrile from an ketone
HCN
68
Give reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a 2-hydroxynitrile from an ketone
Nucleophilic addition
69
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a 2-hydroxynitrile from an ketone
KCN with dilute acid
70
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a (1*) amine from a nitrile
H2
71
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a (1*) amine from a nitrile
Reduction (hydrogenation)
72
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a (1*) amine from a nitrile
Nickel catalyst
| 150*C
73
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a salt from a carboxylic acid
NaHCO3
74
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a salt from a carboxylic acid
Acid/base
75
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a salt from a carboxylic acid
Room temp.
76
A salt is produced in the acid/base reaction of a carboxylic acid with NaHCO3. What else is produced?
CO2
77
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an ester from a carboxylic acid
An alcohol
78
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an ester from a carboxylic acid
Esterification
79
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an ester from a carboxylic acid
Conc. H2SO4 catalyst
80
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an ester
H2O
81
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an ester
Hydrolysis
82
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an ester
Acidic
Aq
Warm
83
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a salt and alcohol from an ester
H20
84
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a salt and alcohol from an ester
Hydrolysis
85
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a salt and alcohol from an ester
Basic
Aq
Warm
86
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an acyl chloride
H2O
87
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an acyl chloride
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
88
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an acyl chloride
Room temperature and pressure
89
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an ester from an acyl chloride
Alcohol
90
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an ester from an acyl chloride
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
91
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an ester from an acyl chloride
Anhydrous
92
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an amide from an acyl chloride
Alcohol
93
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an amide from an acyl chloride
Nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism
94
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an amide from an acyl chloride
Anhydrous
95
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an acyl chloride
Amine
96
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an acyl chloride
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
97
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an acyl chloride
Anhydrous
98
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an acid anhydride
H2O
99
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an acid anhydride
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
100
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a carboxylic acid from an acid anhydride
Warm
101
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an ester from an acid anhydride
Alcohol
102
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an ester from an acid anhydride
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
103
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an ester from an acid anhydride
Warm
104
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an amide from an acid anhydride
NH3
105
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an amide from an acid anhydride
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
106
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an amide from an acid anhydride
Warm
107
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an acid anhydride
Amine
108
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an acid anhydride
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
109
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an acid anhydride
Warm
110
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an amine
ROCL (acyl chloride)
111
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an amine
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
112
Give the conditions for the synthesis of an N-substituted amide from an amine
Anhydrous
113
Give the reagent for the synthesis of 2*/3*/4* amines from an amine
RCl
114
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of 2*/3*/4* amines from an amine
Nucleophilic substitution
115
Give the reagent for the synthesis of an alkyl ammonium salt from an amine
H+
116
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of an alkyl ammonium salt from an amine
Acid/base
117
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a cyclohexane from benzene
H2
118
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a cyclohexane from benzene
Addition
119
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a cyclohexane from benzene
Nickel catalyst
| 150*C
120
Give the reagent for the synthesis of nitrobenzene from benzene
Conc. HNO3
121
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of nitrobenzene from benzene
Electrophilic substitution
122
Give the conditions for the synthesis of nitrobenzene from benzene
Conc H2SO4
123
Give the reagent for the synthesis of a ketone from benzene
ROCL (acyl chloride)
124
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of a ketone from benzene
Electrophilic substitution
125
Give the conditions for the synthesis of a ketone from benzene
AlCl3 catalyst
| Anhydrous
126
Give the reagent for the synthesis of phenyl amine from nitrobenzene
Conc. HCl
127
Give the reaction type/mechanism for the synthesis of phenyl amine from nitrobenzene
Reduction
128
Give the conditions for the synthesis of phenyl amine from nitrobenzene
Tin catalyst
129
Give the reaction name for the synthesis of alkanes and alkenes from an alkane
Thermal cracking
130
Give the reaction name for the synthesis of branched and cyclic alkanes and aromatics from an alkane
Catalytic cracking
