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AQA A Level Chemistry > Carboxylic Acids > Flashcards

Carboxylic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

What are carboxylic acids reduced to?

A

Aldehydes

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2
Q

Are carboxylic acids weak or strong?

A

Weak

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3
Q

What is a test for carboxylic acids?

A

Add a named carbonate such as Na2CO3, and bubbles of CO2 will be produced

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4
Q

Give a formulaic equation to show what happens when a carboxylic acid is reacted with Na2CO3

A

CCOOH + Na2CO3 –> RCOO-Na+ (salt of carboxylic acid) + CO2 + H2O

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5
Q

An ester is formed from an alcohol and carboxylic acid in a process called ____

A

Esterification

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6
Q

Which reactants and catalyst are required for esterification?

A

Alcohol and carboxylic acid

Conc. H2SO4 catalyst

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7
Q

What is the general formula for an ester?

A

RCOOR

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8
Q

Esterification produces an ester. What else is produced?

A

H2O

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9
Q

What is the suffix for esters?

A

-anoate

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10
Q

How do you name an ester?

A

RO- alkyl group from alcohol followed by RC=O carboxylate from the acid

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11
Q

What were the reactants used to produce methylethylmethanoate?

A

Methanoic acid

propan-2-ol

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12
Q

How can the esterification reaction be reversed?

A

By acid or alkali hydrolysis

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13
Q

What is the difference in products of acid and alkaline hydrolysis?

A

Acid - alcohol and carboxylic acid

Alkaline - alcohol and salt of carboxylic acid

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14
Q

Triglycerides are sters of what?

A

Glycerol with fatty acids

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15
Q

Give an example of a reactant that could be used to turn an ester into a carboxylate salt and an alcohol

A

NaOH

alkali

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16
Q

What is IUPAC name for glycerol?

A

propane-1,2,3-triol

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17
Q

Give a use for glycerol

A

Used in cosmetics, foods and glues to stop them drying out

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18
Q

Give a use for the salts of fatty acids

19
Q

What does FAME stand for?

A

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

20
Q

State what is meant by the term ‘biodiesel’

A

A clean burning renewable fuel made using natural vegetable oils and fats

21
Q

What reactant, when added to triglycerides, produces glycerol and FAMEs?

A

3CH3OH

an alcohol

22
Q

State what is meant by ‘acylation’

A

A reaction in which the acyl group (RC=O) is introduced into another molecule by replacing a H atom

23
Q

Which two types of molecules can perform acylation?

A

Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides

24
Q

What is the general formula and suffix of acyl chlorides?

A

RCOCl

-anoyl chloride

25
What is the general formula and suffix of acid anhydrides?
-anoic anhydride
26
What is the leaving group (X) of an acyl chloride and what does it go on to make?
Cl | HCl
27
What is the leaving group of an acid anhydride (X) and what does it go on to make?
RCOO- | RCOOH
28
What are the conditions for the acylation of water to give carboxylic acids?
Room temp. and pressure
29
Give the general formula for the acylation of water to give carboxylic acids
RCOX + H20 --> RCOOH + HX
30
What are the conditions for the acylation of alcohols to esters?
Anhydrous room temp and pressure
31
What are the conditions for the acylation of ammonia to amides?
Anhydrous room temperature and pressure
32
What are the conditions for the acylation of primary amines to N-substituted amides?
Anhydrous room temperature and pressure
33
Give the general formula for the acylation of primary amines to N-substituted amides
RCOX + 2R'NH2 --> RCONHR' + R'NH3+X-
34
Give the general formula for the acylation of ammonia to amides
RCOX + 2NH3 --> RCONH2 + NH4+X-
35
Give the general formula for the acylation of alcohols to esters
RCOX + R'OH --> RCOOR' + HX
36
Give the functional group and suffix of an amide
RC=ONH2 | -anamide
37
Give the functional group and nomenclature procedure for an N-substituted amide
NHR (H of NH2 substited for C chain) | N-(C chain) first, followed by the 'other side' as such - for which you count the first C as the one with the C=O
38
Acylation involves what type of reaction mechanism?
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
39
What is the functional group of acid anhydrides?
RCOOCOR'
40
A student checks the melting point of their lab made aspirin to indicate its purity. State two observations that would indicate the sample is not pure
The sample has a lower melting point than the data book value The sample will melt over a wider range of temperatures
41
The melting point of aspirin may indicate its purity. Suggest why the melting point may be different from the data book value even if the sample is pure
Inaccurate thermometer | The temperature at the bulb of the thermometer may not be that of the sample
42
What are the industrial advantages of using ethanoic anhydride rather than ethanoyl chloride in the manufacture of aspirin?
Ethanoyl chloride produces HCl gas which is toxic and an irritant, and is more expensive
43
What is a common use of esters?
Solvents Plasticisers Perfumes Food flavouring

AQA A Level Chemistry (34 decks)

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