Organic Reactions Flashcards
What are addition polymers
formed when alkene (or alkyne) monomers are joined through repeated addition reactions
~ often/always synthetic (human created) polymers
ketone + [H] –>
2° alcohol
Why are synthetic polymers bad?
- green house gas emissions (extraction, burning)
- lasts a long time
- insoluble in H2O
- heat and chemical resistant
- off-gassing production
aldehyde + [O] –>
carboxylic acid
What are some reducing agents [H]?
- LiAl4
- H2(g)/Pt
- H2(g)/Pd
What are elimination rxns
atoms are removed from an organic molecule to form a double bond (C=C)
amine + carboxylic acid –>
amide + water
What are the products of incomplete combustion
CO2, water, C(s), CO
3° alcohol + [O] –>
NO REACTION
Whats the catalyst for an alkane in a substitution rxn
Ultraviolet light (UV)
~ this is cuz alkanes are relatively unreactive and need a catalyst like UV
What are some oxidizing agents [O]?
- KMnO4 (potassium permanganate)
- K2Cr2O7 (potassium dichromate)
- O3 (ozone)
ether + water
alcohol + alcohol
alcohol + carboxylic acid –>
ester + water (esterification)
aldehyde + [H] –>
1° alcohol
What is Zaitsev’s Rule?
“the poor get poorer”
~ for an elimination reaction, the carbon with fewer H’s attached will lose its H
What is Markovnikov’s Rule?
“the rich get richer”
~ when adding to a non-symmetrical alkene/alkyne, the C with the more H’s attached gets the H
Whats the catalyst for a substitution reaction for a benzene
iron bromide (FeBr2 or FeBr3)
Whats the catalyst for a haloalkane going through an elimination rxn
a strong base (NAOCH2CH3) and heat (sometimes)
1° alcohol + [O] –>
aldehyde + water
amide + water
amine + carboxylic acid
Whats the catalyst for esterification
H2SO4
What are the products of complete combustion
CO2 and water
ester + water
alcohol + carboxylic acid
carboxylic acid + [H] –>
aldehyde + water
