Organic Reactions Flashcards
What is a homologous series?
A group of compounds with the same functional group
What is a functional group?
A group of atom that defines the properties of a compound
What are alkenes?
A homologous series with a C=C (double carbon-carbon) bond
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CₙH₂ₙ
What is the product from an addition reaction of an alkene plus a halogen?
A haloalkane
What is the product from an addition reaction of an alkene plus hydrogen?
An alkane
What 3 factors are required for an addition reaction between an alkene and steam?
High temperature, high pressure, catalyst
What are alcohols?
A homologous series with an -OH group
How are alcohols produced?
Steam with an alkene, fermentation
What 3 conditions are required for alcohol production by fermentation?
Sugar solution with yeast and a warm, sealed vessel
What are the first 4 alcohols?
Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol
What is the acronym we can use to remember the first four alcohols?
- Monkeys - methanol
- Eat - ethanol
- Peeled - propanol
- Bananas - butanol
Alcohol + sodium -> ?
Hydrogen and an aloxide
What is the organic product formed by the oxidation of an alcohol?
Carboxylic acid
Name an oxidising agent.
Acidified potassium dichromate
What are carboxylic acids?
A homologous series with a -COOH group.
What do carboxylic acids form when reacting with sodium carbonate?
Salt, CO2, water
How are carboxylic acids produced?
Oxidation of alcohols.
Name the first four carboxylic acids.
Methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid
What is the organic product of a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol?
An ester
What catalyst is usually used in the formation of an ester?
Concentrated sulfuric acid
What occurs when pure carboxylic acids are added to water?
A weak acid is formed.
What is a weak acid?
An acid that is only partially ionised in solution.
