Organic Reactions

Question 1

Alkene to alkane

Answer 1

H2
Nickel catalyst
150 degrees
Addition reaction

Question 2

Alkene to dihalogenalkane

Answer 2

X2

Question 3

What is the alkene to dihalogenalkane reaction used as a test for?

Answer 3

carbon double bond
bromine water goes colourless

Question 4

Alkene to diol

Answer 4

acidified potassium manganate

Question 5

What is alkene to diol a test for?

Answer 5

for an alkene
purple to colourless
oxidisation

Question 6

What is alkene to diol a test for?

Answer 6

for an alkene
purple to colourless
oxidisation

Question 7

Alkene to alcohol

Answer 7

Steam
H3PO4 catalyst
300 degrees
60/70 atm

Question 8

Alkene to halogenalkane

Answer 8

HX

Question 9

Alkene + X2

Answer 9

dihalogenalkane

Question 10

Alkene + acidified potassium manganate

Answer 10

diol

Question 11

Alkene + H2

Answer 11

alkane
150 degrees
nickel catalyst

Question 12

Alkene + steam

Answer 12

alcohol
H3PO4 catalyst
300 degrees
60/70 atm

Question 13

alkane to halogenoalkane

Answer 13

X2
UV light
Free-radical substitution

Question 14

Halogenoalkane to alkene

Answer 14

alkali (KOH) dissolved in ethanol
reflux

Question 15

Halogenoalkane to alcohol

Answer 15

aqueous KOH
reflux

Question 16

Halogenoalkane to carboxylic acid

Answer 16

halogenoalkane reacts with mg to form Grignard reagent then react with CO2
Dilute acid
Dry ether

Question 17

Halogenoalkane to alcohol (Grignard reagent)

Answer 17

Halogenoalkane reacts with Mg to form R-Mg-X then react with aldehyde or ketone
Dry ether
dilute acid

Question 18

Halogenoalkane to nitrile

Answer 18

KCN
reflux in ethanol

Question 19

Halogenoalkane to primary amine

Answer 19

Excess ethanolic ammonia
heat

Question 20

Primary amine to amine

Answer 20

excess halogenoalkane

Question 21

Nitrile to primary amine

Answer 21

LiAlH4 then dilute HCl
or
H2, metal catalyst (nickel or platinum), high temp and high pressure

Question 22

Nitrile to carboxylic acid

Answer 22

dilute HCl
reflux then distil

Question 23

Alcohol to chloroalkane

Answer 23

PCl5
or
HCl

Question 24

Alcohol to bromoalkane

Answer 24

KBr
50% conc sulphuric acid catalyst

Question 25

Alcohol to alkene

Answer 25

conc H3PO4 170 degrees

Question 26

Alcohol to iodoalkane

Answer 26

PI3 (made by red phosphorus and iodine) Reflux

Question 27

Alcohol to ester

Answer 27

carboxylic acid acid catalyst heat

Question 28

Primary Alcohol to aldehyde

Answer 28

acidified potassium dichromate distil heat

Question 29

Secondary alcohol to ketone

Answer 29

acidified potassium dichromate reflux

Question 30

Aldehyde/ketone to hydroxynitrile

Answer 30

HCN and KCN ethanol reflux

Question 31

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid

Answer 31

acidified potassium dichromate reflux

Question 32

Carboxylic acid to primary alcohol

Answer 32

LiAlH4 dry ether

Question 33

Aldehyde to primary alcohol

Answer 33

LiAlH4 dry ether

Question 34

Ketone to secondary alcohol

Answer 34

LiAlH4 dry ether

Question 35

Carboxylic acid to ester

Answer 35

alcohol acid catalyst heat

Question 36

Ester to Alcohol and carboxylic acid

Answer 36

acid hydrolysis dilute acid reflux

Question 37

Ester to alcohol + carboxylate ion

Answer 37

alkali hydrolysis dilute alkali reflux

Question 38

Acyl Chloride to ester

Answer 38

alcohol

Question 39

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

Answer 39

cold water

Question 40

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

Answer 40

PCl5

Question 41

Acyl chloride to primary amide

Answer 41

conc ammonia

Question 42

Acyl chloride to N-substituted amide

Answer 42

primary amine

Question 43

Diol + dicarboxylic acid

Answer 43

polyester acid catalyst

Question 44

Diamine + dicarboxylic acid

Answer 44

polyamide (nylon)

Question 45

Diamine + diacyl chloride

Answer 45

polyamide

Question 46

R-X + Mg

Answer 46

RMgX dry ether reflux I2 catalyst

Question 47

Carboxylic acid + dilute alkali

Answer 47

carboxylate ion + alcohol reflux