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Chemistry > Organic Reactions > Flashcards

Organic Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkene to alkane

A

H2
Nickel catalyst
150 degrees
Addition reaction

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2
Q

Alkene to dihalogenalkane

A

X2

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3
Q

What is the alkene to dihalogenalkane reaction used as a test for?

A

carbon double bond
bromine water goes colourless

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4
Q

Alkene to diol

A

acidified potassium manganate

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5
Q

What is alkene to diol a test for?

A

for an alkene
purple to colourless
oxidisation

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6
Q

What is alkene to diol a test for?

A

for an alkene
purple to colourless
oxidisation

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7
Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

Steam
H3PO4 catalyst
300 degrees
60/70 atm

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8
Q

Alkene to halogenalkane

A

HX

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9
Q

Alkene + X2

A

dihalogenalkane

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10
Q

Alkene + acidified potassium manganate

A

diol

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11
Q

Alkene + H2

A

alkane
150 degrees
nickel catalyst

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12
Q

Alkene + steam

A

alcohol
H3PO4 catalyst
300 degrees
60/70 atm

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13
Q

alkane to halogenoalkane

A

X2
UV light
Free-radical substitution

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14
Q

Halogenoalkane to alkene

A

alkali (KOH) dissolved in ethanol
reflux

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15
Q

Halogenoalkane to alcohol

A

aqueous KOH
reflux

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16
Q

Halogenoalkane to carboxylic acid

A

halogenoalkane reacts with mg to form Grignard reagent then react with CO2
Dilute acid
Dry ether

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17
Q

Halogenoalkane to alcohol (Grignard reagent)

A

Halogenoalkane reacts with Mg to form R-Mg-X then react with aldehyde or ketone
Dry ether
dilute acid

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18
Q

Halogenoalkane to nitrile

A

KCN
reflux in ethanol

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19
Q

Halogenoalkane to primary amine

A

Excess ethanolic ammonia
heat

20
Q

Primary amine to amine

A

excess halogenoalkane

21
Q

Nitrile to primary amine

A

LiAlH4 then dilute HCl
or
H2, metal catalyst (nickel or platinum), high temp and high pressure

22
Q

Nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

dilute HCl
reflux then distil

23
Q

Alcohol to chloroalkane

A

PCl5
or
HCl

24
Q

Alcohol to bromoalkane

A

KBr
50% conc sulphuric acid catalyst

25
Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

conc H3PO4
170 degrees

26
Q

Alcohol to iodoalkane

A

PI3 (made by red phosphorus and iodine)
Reflux

27
Q

Alcohol to ester

A

carboxylic acid
acid catalyst
heat

28
Q

Primary Alcohol to aldehyde

A

acidified potassium dichromate
distil
heat

29
Q

Secondary alcohol to ketone

A

acidified potassium dichromate
reflux

30
Q

Aldehyde/ketone to hydroxynitrile

A

HCN and KCN
ethanol
reflux

31
Q

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

acidified potassium dichromate
reflux

32
Q

Carboxylic acid to primary alcohol

A

LiAlH4
dry ether

33
Q

Aldehyde to primary alcohol

A

LiAlH4
dry ether

34
Q

Ketone to secondary alcohol

A

LiAlH4
dry ether

35
Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

A

alcohol
acid catalyst
heat

36
Q

Ester to Alcohol and carboxylic acid

A

acid hydrolysis
dilute acid
reflux

37
Q

Ester to alcohol + carboxylate ion

A

alkali hydrolysis
dilute alkali
reflux

38
Q

Acyl Chloride to ester

A

alcohol

39
Q

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

cold water

40
Q

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

A

PCl5

41
Q

Acyl chloride to primary amide

A

conc ammonia

42
Q

Acyl chloride to N-substituted amide

A

primary amine

43
Q

Diol + dicarboxylic acid

A

polyester
acid catalyst

44
Q

Diamine + dicarboxylic acid

A

polyamide (nylon)

45
Q

Diamine + diacyl chloride

A

polyamide

46
Q

R-X + Mg

A

RMgX
dry ether
reflux
I2 catalyst

47
Q

Carboxylic acid + dilute alkali

A

carboxylate ion + alcohol
reflux

Chemistry (6 decks)

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