Organic Reactions

Question 1

What is a substitution reaction

Answer 1

A hydrogen atom or functional group is replaced by another atom or molecule

Question 2

What is a addition reaction

Answer 2

two or more molecules combine to go a larger one

Question 3

What is a elimination reaction

Answer 3

The reverse of addition reaction

Question 4

What is condensation reaction

Answer 4

Two molecules react to form a a larger molecule and another smaller one such as H20

Question 5

What is oxidation reaction?

Answer 5

The addition of oxygen atoms or the removal of hydrogen atoms

Question 6

What is a reduction reaction

Answer 6

The addition of hydrogen atoms or the removal of oxygen atoms (reverse of oxidation)

Question 7

Which one of the homologous series can undergo combustion and substitution

Answer 7

Alkane

Question 8

What is the difference between incomplete and complete combustion

Answer 8

During combustion when there is a limited oxygen supply, it is incomplete combustion, and CO or C is formed instead of carbon dioxide (complete combustion)

Question 9

When an alkene C20H42 is heated with a catalyst under suitable conditions, 6 Ethane molecules and one other molecule is formed. What reaction has occurred

Answer 9

Catalyst cracking

Question 10

What is formed during combustion of Alkanes

Answer 10

CO2/CO/C and water

Question 11

What is the condition required for the substitution reaction of Alkane to occur

Answer 11

Presence of UV light

Question 12

What is a halogen (used to react with alkanes in substitution reactions)

Answer 12

An organic compound where one or more H atoms is replaced by another atom like F Cl Br I etc

Question 13

Name in order top to bottom products of fractional distillation of crude oil

Answer 13

Petroleum gas
Gasoline 
Naphtha
Paraffin 
Diesel oil
Lubricating oil
Bitumen

Question 14

What is the catalyst for catalyst cracking?

Answer 14

Aluminum oxide or silicon IV oxide

Question 15

What is the temperature for catalyst cracking of alkanes

Answer 15

600 degrees

Question 16

What does catalyst cracking do

Answer 16

Converts long chains to short chains

Question 17

What does combustion of alkanes produce

Answer 17

CO2 and H2O only

Question 18

What are the three types of addition reaction

Answer 18

Addition of halogen
Addition of steam
Addition of hydrogen

Question 19

What is the colour change in the addition of bromine reaction

Answer 19

Orange red colour will disappear as product formed is colour less

Question 20

What are the industrial level reagents and conditions for addition of steam to alkanes

Answer 20

300 degrees Celsius
60 bar pressure
Catalyst: concentrated phosphoric acid H3PO4

Question 21

What reaction allows alkenes to be converted to alkanes

Answer 21

Addition of hydrogen

Question 22

Reagents and conditions of addition of halogen to alkene

Answer 22

Halogen dissolved in CCl4, dark

Question 23

Reagents and conditions for addition of steam

Answer 23

1) Concentrated H2SO4 at room temp

2) add H2O, warm

Question 24

Reagents and conditions for Addition of hydrogen

Answer 24

H2 gas

Platinum catalyst

Question 25

What is the colour test for double bonds/ unsaturated compounds/ alkenes

Answer 25

Orange aqueous bromine test that decolorizes when = present

Question 26

What can the combustion of ethanol be used as?

Answer 26

Fuel as it produces a lot of heat

Question 27

Reagents and conditions of elimination reaction for alcohol

Answer 27

Excess concentrated H2SO4 | 170 degrees

Question 28

When will an elimination reaction in alcohols result in 2 possible alkene products

Answer 28

When the alcohol functional group is in the middle of the chain

Question 29

What are the possible oxidising agents for oxidation of alcohols

Answer 29

Acidified potassium manganate (VII) | Acidified potassium dichromate (VI)

Question 30

Reagents and conditions of oxidation of alcohols

Answer 30

KMnO4 / K2Cr2O7 H2SO4 (aq) Heat

Question 31

What will oxidation of a primary alcohol form

Answer 31

A carboxylic acid

Question 32

What will oxidation of a secondary alcohol form

Answer 32

A keto group

Question 33

How many [O] is required for primary and secondary alcohol oxidation reactions respectively

Answer 33

2 and 1

Question 34

What are the by products of elimination reactions

Answer 34

H2O

Question 35

What are the by products of oxidation

Answer 35

H2O

Question 36

What are the colour changes of the oxidising reagents of alcohols oxidation reaction

Answer 36

Purple-> decolourised KMnO4 | Orange -> green K2Cr2O7

Question 37

What is the reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acid that forms esters

Answer 37

Condensation

Question 38

What is one property of esters and what is its functional group

Answer 38

It is sweet smelling | -COO-

Question 39

What is the catalyst of the condensation reaction that forms esters

Answer 39

Concentrated sulfuric acid

Question 40

What is the bond created when an ester is formed

Answer 40

C-O-C^=O

Question 41

State two ways ethanol can be prepared

Answer 41

Fermentation of glucose | Catalysts addition of steam to ethane laboratory

Question 42

What are the reagents and conditions for addition of steam to ethane laboratory (industrial standards)

Answer 42

``` 300 degrees, 60 bar pressure Concentrated phosphoric (V) acid catalyst ```

Question 43

A primary alcohol becomes a carboxylic acid after a reaction. What is it?

Answer 43

Oxidation with 2[O]

Question 44

What is the ester of ethanol and propanoic acid

Answer 44

Ethyl props oate

Question 45

What is the by product formed when an ester is formed?

Answer 45

Water