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Chem > Organic Reactions > Flashcards

Organic Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a substitution reaction

A

A hydrogen atom or functional group is replaced by another atom or molecule

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2
Q

What is a addition reaction

A

two or more molecules combine to go a larger one

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3
Q

What is a elimination reaction

A

The reverse of addition reaction

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4
Q

What is condensation reaction

A

Two molecules react to form a a larger molecule and another smaller one such as H20

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5
Q

What is oxidation reaction?

A

The addition of oxygen atoms or the removal of hydrogen atoms

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6
Q

What is a reduction reaction

A

The addition of hydrogen atoms or the removal of oxygen atoms (reverse of oxidation)

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7
Q

Which one of the homologous series can undergo combustion and substitution

A

Alkane

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8
Q

What is the difference between incomplete and complete combustion

A

During combustion when there is a limited oxygen supply, it is incomplete combustion, and CO or C is formed instead of carbon dioxide (complete combustion)

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9
Q

When an alkene C20H42 is heated with a catalyst under suitable conditions, 6 Ethane molecules and one other molecule is formed. What reaction has occurred

A

Catalyst cracking

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10
Q

What is formed during combustion of Alkanes

A

CO2/CO/C and water

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11
Q

What is the condition required for the substitution reaction of Alkane to occur

A

Presence of UV light

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12
Q

What is a halogen (used to react with alkanes in substitution reactions)

A

An organic compound where one or more H atoms is replaced by another atom like F Cl Br I etc

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13
Q

Name in order top to bottom products of fractional distillation of crude oil

A 
Petroleum gas
Gasoline 
Naphtha
Paraffin 
Diesel oil
Lubricating oil
Bitumen
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14
Q

What is the catalyst for catalyst cracking?

A

Aluminum oxide or silicon IV oxide

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15
Q

What is the temperature for catalyst cracking of alkanes

A

600 degrees

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16
Q

What does catalyst cracking do

A

Converts long chains to short chains

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17
Q

What does combustion of alkanes produce

A

CO2 and H2O only

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18
Q

What are the three types of addition reaction

A

Addition of halogen
Addition of steam
Addition of hydrogen

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19
Q

What is the colour change in the addition of bromine reaction

A

Orange red colour will disappear as product formed is colour less

20
Q

What are the industrial level reagents and conditions for addition of steam to alkanes

A

300 degrees Celsius
60 bar pressure
Catalyst: concentrated phosphoric acid H3PO4

21
Q

What reaction allows alkenes to be converted to alkanes

A

Addition of hydrogen

22
Q

Reagents and conditions of addition of halogen to alkene

A

Halogen dissolved in CCl4, dark

23
Q

Reagents and conditions for addition of steam

A

1) Concentrated H2SO4 at room temp

2) add H2O, warm

24
Q

Reagents and conditions for Addition of hydrogen

A

H2 gas

Platinum catalyst

25
Q

What is the colour test for double bonds/ unsaturated compounds/ alkenes

A

Orange aqueous bromine test that decolorizes when = present

26
Q

What can the combustion of ethanol be used as?

A

Fuel as it produces a lot of heat

27
Q

Reagents and conditions of elimination reaction for alcohol

A

Excess concentrated H2SO4

170 degrees

28
Q

When will an elimination reaction in alcohols result in 2 possible alkene products

A

When the alcohol functional group is in the middle of the chain

29
Q

What are the possible oxidising agents for oxidation of alcohols

A

Acidified potassium manganate (VII)

Acidified potassium dichromate (VI)

30
Q

Reagents and conditions of oxidation of alcohols

A

KMnO4 / K2Cr2O7
H2SO4 (aq)
Heat

31
Q

What will oxidation of a primary alcohol form

A

A carboxylic acid

32
Q

What will oxidation of a secondary alcohol form

A

A keto group

33
Q

How many [O] is required for primary and secondary alcohol oxidation reactions respectively

A

2 and 1

34
Q

What are the by products of elimination reactions

A

H2O

35
Q

What are the by products of oxidation

A

H2O

36
Q

What are the colour changes of the oxidising reagents of alcohols oxidation reaction

A

Purple-> decolourised KMnO4

Orange -> green K2Cr2O7

37
Q

What is the reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acid that forms esters

A

Condensation

38
Q

What is one property of esters and what is its functional group

A

It is sweet smelling

-COO-

39
Q

What is the catalyst of the condensation reaction that forms esters

A

Concentrated sulfuric acid

40
Q

What is the bond created when an ester is formed

A

C-O-C^=O

41
Q

State two ways ethanol can be prepared

A

Fermentation of glucose

Catalysts addition of steam to ethane laboratory

42
Q

What are the reagents and conditions for addition of steam to ethane laboratory (industrial standards)

A 
300 degrees, 60 bar pressure
Concentrated phosphoric (V) acid catalyst
43
Q

A primary alcohol becomes a carboxylic acid after a reaction. What is it?

A

Oxidation with 2[O]

44
Q

What is the ester of ethanol and propanoic acid

A

Ethyl props oate

45
Q

What is the by product formed when an ester is formed?

A

Water

Chem (10 decks)

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