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A2 Chemistry > Organic Pathways - Aliphatic > Flashcards

Organic Pathways - Aliphatic Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

H3PO4
High temp and pressure
Electrophilic addition

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2
Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

Conc H2SO4
180°
Dehydration/Elimination

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3
Q

Alcohol to aldehyde/ketone

A

Acidified potassium dichromate
H2SO4
Heat

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4
Q

aldehyde/ketone to alcohol

A

NaBH4 in water with methanol
Reduction

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5
Q

Haloalkane to alcohol

A

KOH aqueous
Heat under reflux
NucSub

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6
Q

Nitrile to 1° amine

A

H2, Ni 200°C or LiAlH4 in ether
Reduction

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7
Q

1° amine to 2° amine

A

Acyl chloride
Room temp

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8
Q

Haloalkane to 1° amine

A

Ethanolic NH3
Heat under pressure
NucSub

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9
Q

Alkane to haloalkane

A

Halogen eg Cl2 Br2
UV light
(Free rad)

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10
Q

Haloalkane to Alkene

A

Ethanolic KOH
Hot reflux

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11
Q

Haloalkane to nitrile

A

Ethanolic KCN
Heat, Reflux

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12
Q

Alkene to haloalkane

A

HX
Eg HBr, HCl

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13
Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

A

Alcohol + conc H2SO4
(Esterification)

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14
Q

Ester to carboxylic acid

A

Dilute H2SO4, H20 or dilute NaOH
Reflux

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15
Q

Alcohol to ester

A

Carboxylic acid + conc H2SO4
Heat
Esterification

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16
Q

Aldehyde/Ketone to hydroxynitrile

A

HCN + H2SO4

17
Q

Aldehyde/ketone to carboxylic acid

A

Acidified potassium dichromate, H2SO4 + heat
Or
Tollens/fehlings

18
Q

Alkene to alkane

A

H2
Nickel catalyst
200C°

19
Q

Alkene to Alkyl Hydrogensulfate

A

Conc H2SO4

20
Q

Alkyl Hydrogensulfate to alcohol

A

Dilute and warm

21
Q

Amine to amide

A

Acyl chloride/acid anhydride

22
Q

In aromatics what is the mechanism

A

ELECTROPHILIC substitution/addition (alkenes)

23
Q

What are the two mechanisms from electrophilic substitution

A
  • nitration (if Nitrate group)
  • friedel crafts acylation

A2 Chemistry (16 decks)

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