Organic Nomenclature

Question 1

Prefixes (based on # of carbons in central chain)

Answer 1

meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-, hept-, oct-, non-, dec-

Question 2

Alkanes

Answer 2

hydrocarbons with only single bonds; -ane; C(n)H(2n+2)

Question 3

Alkenes

Answer 3

hydrocarbons with one or more double bonds; -ene; C(n)H(2n)

Question 4

Alkynes

Answer 4

hydrocarbons with one or more triple bonds; -kyne, C(n)H(2n-2)

Question 5

Alcohols

Answer 5

hydroxyl functional group; -ol; ends with -OH at end of carbon chain (hydroxyl)

Question 6

Aldehydes

Answer 6

carbonyl functional group (carbon bonded to an oxygen m(double) and hydrogen (single) with one free bond); -al; always on end/no need to number

Question 7

Ketones

Answer 7

carbonyl functional group (carbon bonded to oxygen (double) with two free bonds); -one

Question 8

Carboxylic Acids

Answer 8

carboxyl functional group (carbon bonded to oxygen (double) and a hydroxyl (single) with one free bond); -oic acid; always on end/no need to number

Question 9

Ethers

Answer 9

ether functional group (oxygen in chain area with two free bonds); -oxy-; small carbon chain precedes “oxy”, larger one comes after it

Question 10

Esters

Answer 10

carboxyl function group (carbon bonded to two oxygens (one single one double) with one free bond and single bonded oxygen has a free bond); -oate

Question 11

Amides

Answer 11

carboxyamide functional group (carbon bonded to oxygen (double) and nitrogen (single) which is bonded to 2 hydrogens (single) with one free bond for carbon ); -amide

Question 12

Amines

Answer 12

amine functional group (nitrogen bonded to 2 hydrogen (single) with one free bond); -amine

Question 13

Halogenalkanes

Answer 13

-fluoro-, -chloro-, -bromo-, -iodo-

Question 14

Isomers

Answer 14

Compounds with same molecular formula but different structures