Organic materials Flashcards
What are the three types of sugars
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
Whats the difference between alpha and beta glucose
ALPHA: the hydroxyl group attached to carbon 1 is bonded vertically down
BETA: the hydroxyl group attached to carbon 1 is bonded diagonally upwards
What are the two glucose polymers that make up starch
Amylose and amylopectin
Amylose is an unbranched glucose polymer with alpha 1-4 glycosidic links whereas amylopectin is a branched glucose polymer with 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic links
What is cellulose
cellulose is a common glucose polymer that contains beta 1-4 glycosidic linkages, it is insoluble in water and indigestible
What is the primary structure of a protein
The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids formed by the peptide bonds cause by a condensation reaction between the carboxyl end of one amino acid and the amino end of another
What is the secondary structure of a protein
The secondary structure is the folding of the polypeptide into either alpha helices or beta pleated sheets
Alpha helices are a spring structure that is stabilised by hydrogen bonding between each peptides carbonyl oxygen and the amino hydrogen atom another peptide further along the polypeptide
Beta pleated sheets have a wavy appearance due to the sizes of the amino acid chains that protrude from the main sheet and is formed when adjacent polypeptides interact through the hydrogen bonding between the peptides
What is the tertiary structure of a protein
The tertiary structure is the three dimensional interaction between the secondary structure present in a polypeptide.
what is the quaternary structure of a protein
The quaternary structure of a protein is the combination of one or more polypeptides that contain 50 or more amino acids
What is an enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that catalyse chemical reactions in living organisms. They have an active site that is specific for one substrate. the active sight in an amino acid is an indentation in the protein structure that is big enough to fit the chemical reactants in the correct orientation for the reaction to occur to interact with the substrates and once the chemical reaction occurs the products leave the active site leaving the enzyme unchanged in order to begin the next chemical reaction
What is a lipid
Lipids are polymers with low melting points and are insoluble in water. Lipids generally contain both hydrophobic and hydrophylic components but are mostly hydrophobic making them insoluble in water
What is a fatty acid?
What is a triglyceride
Saponification of triglycerides
How does soap function?
