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Chemistry A Level > Organic Introductions > Flashcards

Organic Introductions Flashcards

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1
Q

Saturated

A

Contain single carbon-carbon bonds only.

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2
Q

Unsaturated

A

Contains c=c double bond

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3
Q

Molecular formula

A

Formula which shows the actual number of each type of atom

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4
Q

Empirical formula

A

Simplest whole number ratio of each atom in a compound

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5
Q

General formula

A

Algebraic formula for a homozygous series

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6
Q

Structural formula

A

Minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

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7
Q

Displayed formula

A

Shows all covalent bonds and atoms present in a molecule

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8
Q

Skeletal formula

A

Simplified organic formula shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains leaving just a skeletal skeleton and associated functional groups

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9
Q

Homozygous series

A

Families of organic compounds with the same general formula

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10
Q

Homozygous series features are:

A

Show gradual change in physical properties
Each member differs by one CH2 from the last
Same chemical properties

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11
Q

Alkane functional group and suffix

A

C-C

Ane

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12
Q

Alkene functional group and suffix

A

C=C ene

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13
Q

Alcohol functional group and suffixes

A

Ol-ending
Hydroxy-beginning
C-OH

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14
Q

Halogen alkane functional group and suffix

A

Chlorine-chloro
Bromine-bromo
Iodine-iodo
C-halogen

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15
Q

Aldehydes functional group and suffix

A

O=C-H
Al-ending
Formyl-beginning

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16
Q

Ketones functional group and suffix

A

O=C
One-ending
Oxo-beginning

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17
Q

Carboxylic acid functional group and suffix

A

O=C-H

Oic acid

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18
Q

Esthers functional group and suffix

A

O=C-O

Yl oate

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19
Q

1 carbon

A

Meth

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20
Q

2 carbons

A

Eth

21
Q

3 carbons

A

Prop

22
Q

4 carbons

A

But

23
Q

5 carbons

A

Pent

24
Q

6 carbons

A

Hex

25
Q

7 carbons

A

Hept

26
Q

8 carbons

A

Oct

27
Q

9 carbons

A

Non

28
Q

10 carbons

A

Dec

29
Q

How do you tell the positions of functional groups?

A

Count how many carbons go from lowest to highest

30
Q

Which come first functional groups or branched carbon chains

A

Functional groups

31
Q

What happens if there are multiple of the functional group

A

Di tri tetra penta hexa

32
Q

General rules for naming carbon chains

A

Count longest chain
Find any branched and how many carbons they contain
Add appropriate suffixes

33
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

Compound made of carbon and hydrogen only

34
Q

Homolytic fission define

A

Each atom gets one electron the covalent bond

Half curly arrow

35
Q

How many radicals does homolytic fission produce?

A

Two

36
Q

Free radicals are:

A 
Free radicals (•) don't have charge 
Reactive species which possess an unpaired electron
37
Q

Heterolytic fission

A

One atom gets two electrons

↩️

38
Q

Structural isomers

A

Same molecular formula different structures (structural formulae)

39
Q

What can structural isomerism come from?

A

Chain isomerism
Position isomerism
Functional group isomerisms

40
Q

Chain isomers are?

A

Compounds with same molecular formula but different structures carbon skeleton

41
Q

Position isomerism

A

Compounds with same molecular formula but different structures due to different positions of the same functional group in the carbon skeleton.

42
Q

Functional group isomerisms

A

Compounds with same molecular formula but different functional group

43
Q

Stereoisomers

A

Same structural formula but different spatial arrangement of atoms

44
Q

What isomerisms can alkenes exhibit?

A

E-Z isomerism

45
Q

When do E-Z isomerism arise?

A

Restricted rotation around c=c double bond

Two different groups/atoms attached to both ends of the double bond

46
Q

Why do E-Z isomers exist?

A

Restricted rotation about c=c bonds

47
Q

Do e-z isomerism happen in single bond

A

No because they can easily rotate

48
Q

How do determine whether a molecules is E or Z?

A

Find highest Ar
If largest are on the same side then Z
If largest on both sides then E

Chemistry A Level (21 decks)

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