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Chemistry A-Level > Organic: Intro To > Flashcards

Organic: Intro To Flashcards

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1
Q

what is organic chemistry

A

compounds containing carbon, with 4 covalent bonds

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2
Q

describe saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

saturated single carbon bonds
unsaturated one double bond, causing bend in chain

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3
Q

define homologous series

A

a sequence of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties, can be branched or unbranched
group of organic compounds that have the same functional group, but each successive member differs by CH2, with same general formula

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4
Q

give the name for a each compound with additional carbon atoms

A

meth
eth
prop
bute
pent
hep
hex
oct

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5
Q

define a functional group

A

Functional groups determine the physical and chemical properties of molecules

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6
Q

give the general formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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7
Q

give the general formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

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8
Q

explain how to decide the name of a compound from a displayed formula

A

-find the longest carbon chain and write corresponding alkane/ene name
-identify the branch by counting the carbons (Methyl,ethyl,propyl)
-position the branch by numbering the carbon chain from the end nearer to the branch so maybe number 3 carbon contains the branch
-reminder to practise naming display formulas

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9
Q

explain how to decide the names of a display formula for alkenes

A

due to the double carbon bond in an alkene count which carbon it belongs to and write the number in the name
but -2- ene carbon is in the 2-3 carbon from the 4 carbons in butene

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10
Q

what is the c–O-H functional group

A

aldehyde

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11
Q

what ending does an aldehyde have

A

-(an)al

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12
Q

what is the c–O functional group

A

ketone

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13
Q

what ending does a ketone have

A

-(an)one

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14
Q

what is the c–O-OH functoinal group

A

carboxylic acid

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15
Q

what ending does a carboxylic acid have

A

-(an)oic acid

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16
Q

what is the c–O-O functional group

A

ester

17
Q

what ending does an ester have

A

-(an)oate

18
Q

define structural isomerism, and how many types are there

A

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
3:
-chain isomerism
-position isomerism
-functional group isomerism

19
Q

explain chain isomerism

A

isomer hydrocarbon chain may be straight or branched but same molecular formula
C4H10 can be butane or methylpropane

20
Q

explain position isomerism

A

the isomers have same functional group but is placed in different positions on the chain
C3H7Br can be 2-bromopropane or bromopropane

21
Q

explain functional group isomerism

A

isomers have different functional group belonging to different homologous series
C5H10O can be propanone or propanal

22
Q

explain the relationship between chain length and boiling point

A

as chain length increases the boiling point also increases

23
Q

what is stereoisomer and what are the types

A

compounds has the same atoms connected but in different spacial arrangements
Geometrical (E/Z) isomerism
Optical isomerism

24
Q

explain geometrical (E/Z) isomerism

A

this occurs between unsaturated carbon chains
Z isomers have functional groups on the same side of the double bond/carbon ring
E isomers have functional groups on opposite sides of the double bond/carbon ring

25
Q

homologous series

A

A set of organic compounds with the same functional group. Each of the compounds differ in the length of their chain from the next by CH

26
Q

free radical substitution

A

The reaction of an alkane with a halogen to form a halogenoalkane.

27
Q

free radical

A

A chemical species with an unpaired electron – usually highly reactive.

28
Q

Empirical formula

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

29
Q

Displayed formula

A

The formula of a compound drawn out so that each atom and each bond is shown.

30
Q

catalytic cracking

A

The breaking, with the aid of a catalyst, of long-chain alkane molecules (obtained from crude oil) into shorter chain hydrocarbons (some of which are alkenes)

31
Q

complete combustion

A

The complete burning of a substance in air to produce carbon dioxide and water.

32
Q

alkane

A

A hydrocarbon with C-C and C-H single bonds only. With the general formula CnH2n+2

33
Q

Functional group:

A

Functional group: a reactive atom or group of atoms in an organic molecule which is responsible for the

characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule.

Chemistry A-Level (16 decks)

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