Organic: Intro To

Question 1

what is organic chemistry

Answer 1

compounds containing carbon, with 4 covalent bonds

Question 2

describe saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons

Answer 2

saturated single carbon bonds
unsaturated one double bond, causing bend in chain

Question 3

define homologous series

Answer 3

a sequence of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties, can be branched or unbranched
group of organic compounds that have the same functional group, but each successive member differs by CH2, with same general formula

Question 4

give the name for a each compound with additional carbon atoms

Answer 4

meth
eth
prop
bute
pent
hep
hex
oct

Question 5

define a functional group

Answer 5

Functional groups determine the physical and chemical properties of molecules

Question 6

give the general formula for alkanes

Answer 6

CnH2n+2

Question 7

give the general formula for alkenes

Answer 7

CnH2n

Question 8

explain how to decide the name of a compound from a displayed formula

Answer 8

-find the longest carbon chain and write corresponding alkane/ene name
-identify the branch by counting the carbons (Methyl,ethyl,propyl)
-position the branch by numbering the carbon chain from the end nearer to the branch so maybe number 3 carbon contains the branch
-reminder to practise naming display formulas

Question 9

explain how to decide the names of a display formula for alkenes

Answer 9

due to the double carbon bond in an alkene count which carbon it belongs to and write the number in the name
but -2- ene carbon is in the 2-3 carbon from the 4 carbons in butene

Question 10

what is the c–O-H functional group

Answer 10

aldehyde

Question 11

what ending does an aldehyde have

Answer 11

-(an)al

Question 12

what is the c–O functional group

Answer 12

ketone

Question 13

what ending does a ketone have

Answer 13

-(an)one

Question 14

what is the c–O-OH functoinal group

Answer 14

carboxylic acid

Question 15

what ending does a carboxylic acid have

Answer 15

-(an)oic acid

Question 16

what is the c–O-O functional group

Answer 16

ester

Question 17

what ending does an ester have

Answer 17

-(an)oate

Question 18

define structural isomerism, and how many types are there

Answer 18

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
3:
-chain isomerism
-position isomerism
-functional group isomerism

Question 19

explain chain isomerism

Answer 19

isomer hydrocarbon chain may be straight or branched but same molecular formula
C4H10 can be butane or methylpropane

Question 20

explain position isomerism

Answer 20

the isomers have same functional group but is placed in different positions on the chain
C3H7Br can be 2-bromopropane or bromopropane

Question 21

explain functional group isomerism

Answer 21

isomers have different functional group belonging to different homologous series
C5H10O can be propanone or propanal

Question 22

explain the relationship between chain length and boiling point

Answer 22

as chain length increases the boiling point also increases

Question 23

what is stereoisomer and what are the types

Answer 23

compounds has the same atoms connected but in different spacial arrangements
Geometrical (E/Z) isomerism
Optical isomerism

Question 24

explain geometrical (E/Z) isomerism

Answer 24

this occurs between unsaturated carbon chains
Z isomers have functional groups on the same side of the double bond/carbon ring
E isomers have functional groups on opposite sides of the double bond/carbon ring

Question 25

homologous series

Answer 25

A set of organic compounds with the same functional group. Each of the compounds differ in the length of their chain from the next by CH

Question 26

free radical substitution

Answer 26

The reaction of an alkane with a halogen to form a halogenoalkane.

Question 27

free radical

Answer 27

A chemical species with an unpaired electron – usually highly reactive.

Question 28

Empirical formula

Answer 28

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 29

Displayed formula

Answer 29

The formula of a compound drawn out so that each atom and each bond is shown.

Question 30

catalytic cracking

Answer 30

The breaking, with the aid of a catalyst, of long-chain alkane molecules (obtained from crude oil) into shorter chain hydrocarbons (some of which are alkenes)

Question 31

complete combustion

Answer 31

The complete burning of a substance in air to produce carbon dioxide and water.

Question 32

alkane

Answer 32

A hydrocarbon with C-C and C-H single bonds only. With the general formula CnH2n+2

Question 33

Functional group:

Answer 33

Functional group: a reactive atom or group of atoms in an organic molecule which is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule.