Organic III Flashcards
1
Q
Describe the Kekule model
A
- alternating double and single bonds
- constantly flipping between its 2 isomers
2
Q
Describe the delocalised model for benzene
A
- overlapping p orbitals
- pi bonds
- delocalised system
3
Q
Evidence for the delocalised model
A
- enthalpy change of hydrogenation
- carbon-carbon bond lengths
4
Q
Reaction of benzene with oxygen
A
- Combustion with a smoky flame
5
Q
Reaction of benzene with bromine
A
- Forms 1,3,5 - bromobenzene
- forms 3HBr
6
Q
Conditions for Benzene -> nitrobenzene
A
- Concentrated nitric acid
- Concentrated sulfuric acid
7
Q
Reaction of Acyl chlorides and benzene
A
-Acyl chlorides reaction with a halogen carrier (AlCl3)
- Acyl ion forms - electrophile
- electrophilic substitution
- HCl formed
8
Q
Reaction of halogenoalkanes and benzene
A
- Halogenoalkanes are reacted with a halogen carrier (eg. AlCl3)
- Produces an R group with a positive charge
- This acts as an electrophile
- HX formed and alkyl group added to benzene
9
Q
What is the amine functional group
A
- NH2
10
Q
What is the amide functional group
A
R-ONH2
11
Q
Reaction of amine with water
A
- Forms R - NH4+
- Forms OH-
12
Q
Reaction of amines with acids
A
- Form ammonium salts
13
Q
Reactions of amines with ethanoyl chloride
A
- Forms an n-substituted amide
- Forms ethylammonium chloride
14
Q
Reaction of amines with halogenoalkanes
A
- Forms a secondary amine
15
Q
Form amide from Acyl chloride
A
- Acyl chloride + aqueous ammonia
16
Q
Aromatic nitro-compounds -> aromatic amines
A
- Sn
- Concentrated HCl
17
Q
Halogenoalkanes -> amines
A
- Nucleophilic substitution
- Ethanolic ammonia
18
Q
Nitrile -> Amines
A
- LiAlH4
- Reduction
