Conditions And Reagents Flashcards
Name the conditions to produce a diol from an alkene
- Oxidising Agent (KMnO4) turns purple to colourless
Name the conditions for free radical substitution
UV light
Conditions for thermal cracking
- Temperature = 1200K
- Pressure = 7000kPa
Conditions for Catalytic cracking?
- Temperature = 720K
- Normal Pressure
- Zeolite catalyst
Conditions for electrophilic addition to form an alkane
- Nickel Catalyst
Conditions for addition reaction to form an alcohol from an alkene
- Steam
- acid catalyst (eg. PO4 3-)
Conditions for diol formation
- Acidified potassium manganate
Conditions for producing alcohols from halogenoalkanes
- aqueous potassium hydroxide (hydroxide ion acts as the nucleophilie)
Conditions for elimination of halogenoalkanes to form alkene
- ethanolic potassium hydroxide (KOH) and heat
Conditions to produce amines from halogenoalkanes
- alcoholic ammonia
Conditions to produce nitriles
- alcoholic potassium cyanide (KCN)
(This is an example of increasing the length of the carbon chain)
Conditions for hydration reaction (alkene -> alcohol)
- acid catalyst
- aqueous conditions
- temperature = 300 degrees C
Conditions for chlorination of alcohols
- PCl5
- Can be used to test for alcohols as it produces steamy fumes that turn damp blue litmus paper red
Conditions for bromination of alcohols
- 50% concentrated sulphuric acid
- KBr
Conditions for iodination of alcohols
- Red phosphorus
- Iodine
Conditions for dehydration reactions of alcohols
- Concentrated phosphoric acid
Test for Aldehydes?
- Fehling’s solution
- Test tube warmed
- Positive = red precipitate forms
Conditions to oxidise a primary alcohol to an aldehyde
- Potassium Dichromate (VI)
- Dilute sulfuric acid
- Distillation
Conditions to oxidise a primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid
- Potassium dichromate (VI)
- Dilute sulfuric acid
- Reflux
Conditions to oxidise secondary alcohols to ketones
- Potassium Dichromate (VI)
- Dilute sulfuric acid
- Either distillation or reflux
