Organic halides, alcohols and carboxylic acids Flashcards
What is an alkyl halides
organic compound that has at least one carbon-halogen bond
(F, Cl, Br, I) replaces H
Properties and some uses
- Fire-resistant solvents
- Refrigerants
- Pharmaceuticals and precursors
How to name alkyl Halides
find longest chain that contains multi bond if present
start counting from end with nearest substituent
IF 2 substituents are equal distance from end
begin with the branch whose name comes first in the alphabet
- fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, and iodo-. T
Phys prop of haloalkanes (type of alkyl halides)
Boiling points
-methyl halides are gases at room temp (apart from iodomethane which is liquid)
-chloroethane is a gas, all else are liquids
only slightly soluble
What is chem property of haloalkanes
increase reactivity as you move down a group (Chlorine to iodine)
due to bond strength decreasing as you go down a grp
What is alcohol functional group/angle
OH bonded to a carbon
bond angle is about 109.5
the oxygen contains 2 lone pairs of electrons
nomanclature for alcohols
more important than multi bonds and halides
change suffix from -e to -ol
Propan-2-ol
compounds with more than one OH group are diols/triols (THE e IS NOT DROPPED )
Propane-1,2-diol
How do you get the common name of alcohol
COMMON NAME
name the alkyl group bonded to the oxygen and take out the yl and add ol
E.g. ethyl alcohol = ethanol
Are alcohols polar compounds
yes they interact using dipole dipole and hydrogen bonding
This is because of the 2 lone pairs on oxygen
phys prop of alcohols
compared to alkanes of similar size and weight alcohols have..
higher boiling points
more soluble in water
if there is another OH the bp is higher and more soluble
What is a carboxylic acid
CO2H added to a chain
C and O are dbl bonded and OH is at the end
remove the e at the end and add oic acid
it must be int he beginning
not necessary to include in the name
ex 2-methylbut-2-enoic acid
