Hydrocarbons

Question 1

what is an organic family

Answer 1

grp of organic compounds that have a common structural arrangemenet of atoms (functional grp)
members of the same org family have similar phys and chem properties

Question 2

examples of functiona groups

Answer 2

carbon-carbon multi bonds (triple, double)
single bonds between carbon and other electronegative elements
carbon dbl bond to oxygen

Question 3

what is the structural formula look like vs line structural formlua

Answer 3

structural formula: all the carbons and hydrogens are drawn with branches
Line: shows no elements just a line, all corners in the line are carbons. all assume to have max hydrogrens

Question 4

what is a substituent

Answer 4

a branch

Question 5

What are the prefixes for the length

Answer 5

meth
eth
prop
but
pent
hex
hept
oct
non
dec
undec
dodec

Question 6

Nomanclature for hydrocarbons

Answer 6

always list the branches in alpha order (ethyl before methyl)
write the position num then a dash then the length (5 - ethyloctane)
use di, tri, tetra more than 1 of the same type of branch exists
(2,2-dimethyl-4-propyloctane)

Question 7

cycloalkane and nomanclature

Answer 7

ring structure
write cyclo before the length prefix
Ring is parent chain unless the substituent has more carbons
if only 1 branch, number is unnecessary
if 2 branches list in alpha order, give 1 to first name group
(1 - ethyl-3- methylcyclopentane)
if there is more then 2 branches, list in alpha, make sure all nums are lowest possible

Question 8

alkane phys prop

Answer 8

all non polar
not soluble in water
are soluble in benzene and non polar things

Question 9

What is size to boiling point in alkanes

Answer 9

1-4 Carbons - Below 30 C
5-16 Carbons - 30-275 C
16-22 Carbons -Over 250 C
Over 18 Carbons - Over 400 C
Over 26 Carbons - Over 500 C

Question 10

Chem prop of alkanes

Answer 10

low reactivity (C-C bonds are stable and hard to break)
Gas alkanes are explosive
liqud alkanes are highly fammmable