Organic Equations Flashcards by Daniel Adeyemi

Q

Alcohol to Ester

A

Carboxylic Acid, conc H₂SO₄/H₃PO₄ or

Acyl Chloride or

Acid anhydride

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Q

The reaction of an alkane to haloalkane

A

Free radical substitution

Halogen

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Q

The reaction of haloalkane to amine

A

NH₃ and Heat

Nucleophilic Substitution

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Q

Aldehyde to Carboxylic acid

A

K₂Cr₂O₇ heat

Tollen’s reagent

Fehling’s solution

Reflux

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Q

Acylation of benzene

A

Acyl chloride/ acid anhydride

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Q

Alkyl hydrogen sulphate to Alcohol

A

Dilute and warm

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Q

Nitration of benzene

A

conc HNO₃

conc H₂SO₄

50 degrees

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Q

2y Alcohol to ketone

A

Heat acidified potassium dichromate

K₂Cr₂O₇

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Q

The reaction of an alkene to haloalkane

A

HX

X = halogen

Electrophilic addition

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Q

Haloalkane to Nitrile

A

Nucleophilic substitution

KCN dissolved in ethanol with heat

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Q

The reaction of Haloalkane to alkene

A

KOH

ethanol hot

Elimination

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Q

The reaction of an alkene to alkyl hydrogen sulphate

A

Conc H₂SO₄

Electrophilic Addition

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Q

The reaction of Alkene to Alcohol

A

H₃PO₄ + Steam/H₂O

High temp and pressure

Hydration of alkene

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Q

phenylethanoate to phenyl ethanol

A

NaBH₄

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Q

The reaction of Alcohol to an alkene

A

Dehydration

H₂SO₄

180 degrees

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Q

The reaction of Amine to Amide:

A

Acyl chloride

Dry

Nucleophilic addition to elimination

Q

Nitrile to Amine

A

LiAlH₄or

H₂, Ni 200 degrees

Reduction of nitrile

Q

Alcohol to Aldehyde

A

Oxidation

[O]

Acidified potassium or sodium dichromate

The product should be syphoned away and cooled as produced

Q

Alkene to alkane

A

Hydrogenation

H₂

Nickel catalyst

200 degrees

Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

A

Alcohol

conc H₂SO₄

Q

Nitrobenzene to phenylamine

A

Sn, conc HCl

then NaOH

Q

Aldehyde to 2-Hydroxynitrile

A

HCN

Nucleophilic Addition

Q

Aldehyde to Alcohol

A

Reduction of aldehyde

NaBH₄

[H⁺]

Q

Phenylamine + acyl chloride/acid anhydride

A

forms N-phenylamide

Q

Benzene to cyclohexane

A

Hydrogenation

H₂/

Nickel Catalyst

Q

Amine to Amide

Acid Anhydride

A

ACid anhydride

dry

Nucleophilic addition and elimination

Q

The reaction of haloalkane to alcohol

A

NaOH

Warm

Nucleophilic Substitution

Q

Ketone to 2-hydroxynitrile

A

HCN

Nucleophilic Addition

Q

Ketone to 2y Alcohol

A

NaBH₄(aq)

Q

Nitrile to Amine

H₂, Ni 200C

A

H₂, Ni 200C or

LiAlH₄

Reduction of nitrile