Organic definitions Flashcards
Define addition polymerisation
Formation of a very long molecular chain, by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules
Define addition reaction
A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make one saturated molecule
Define alicyclic
Containing carbon atoms joined together in a non aromatic ring
Define actual yield
The amount of product obtained in a reaction
Define aliphatic
Containing carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains
Define alkanes
The hydrocarbon homologous series with single carbon-carbon bonds only and the general formula CnH2n+2
Define acid
A species that releases H+ ions in aqueous solution
Define alkali
A type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions OH- (aq)
Define alkenes
The hydrocarbon homologous series with at least one double carbon-carbon bond and the general formula CnH2n
Define alkynes
The hydrocarbon homologous series with one triple carbon-carbon bond and the general formula CnH2n-2
Define amount of substance
The quantity whose unit of the mole, used as a means of counting any species such as atoms, ions and molecules
Define anhydrous
Containing no water molecules
Define anion
A negatively charged ion with more electrons than protons
Define aromatic
Containing one or more benzene rings
Define atom economy
Atom economy= (Sum of molar masses of desired products)/ (Sum of molar masses of all products) *100
Define atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Define atomic orbital
A region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins
Define Avogadro constant
The number of atoms per mole of the carbon-12 isotope
Define base
Bases are protons acceptors, they neutralise an acid to form a salt
Define a binary compound
A compound containing two elements only
Define bonded pair
A pair of electrons shared between two atoms to make a covalent bond
Define carbocation
An ion that contains a positively charged carbon atom.
An intermediate in electrophilic addition
Define cation
A postively charged ion with fewer electrons than protons
Define chain reaction
A reaction in which the propagation steps release new radicals that continue the reaction