Organic Compounds - Naming Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon
A compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
What is general formula?
A formula that states the ratio of atoms in each element in the formula of every compound in a particular homologous series. Eg C3H8
STRUCTURAL FORMULA?
CONDENSED REPRESENTATION THAT SHOWS THE SYMBOLS FOR EACH ATOM IN A COMPOUND, WITH STRAIGHT LINES JOINING THEM TO REPRESENT THE COVALENT BONDS. H H H | | | H - C - C - C -H | | | H H H
DISPLAYED FORMULA?
GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION THAT SHOWS THE SYMBOLS FOR EACH ATOM IN A COMPOUND, WITH STRAIGHT LINES JOINING THEM TO REPRESENT THE COVALENT BONDS - CH3CH2CH
Complete combustion?
Complete combustion occurs when there is excess oxygen so water and carbon dioxide form e.g: CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
Incomplete combustion?
Incomplete combustion occurs when there is insufficient oxygen to burn so either carbon monoxide and water or carbon and water form e.g: 2CH4 + 3O2 → 2CO + 4H2O CH4 + O2 → C + 2H2O
Names of compounds
The names of organic compounds have two parts: the prefix or stem and the end part (or suffix) • The prefix tells you how many carbon atoms are present in the longest continuous chain in the compound • The suffix tells you what functional group is on the compound.
Name and chemical formulae for first two alkanes
Methane CH4 Ethane C2H6
Displayed formula for first two alkanes
Fuctional group?
The atom or group of atoms responsible for the characterstic reaction of an organic compount.
Name and formula of Compounds
Structures
1) Ethanol
2) Ethene
Write the chemical and displayed formulae of ethanoic acid?
Chemical formula: CH3COOH
Displayed formula:
Name the first four alkanes and the first three alkenes?
Alkanes: - Methane - Ethane - Propane - Butane
Alkenes: - Ethene - Propene - Butene
Name the first four alcohols and carboxylic acids?
- *Alcohols:** - Methanol - Ethanol - Propanol - Butanol
- *Carboxylic acids:** - Methanoic acid - Ethanoic acid - Propanoic acid - Butanoic acid
Draw the displayed formula of propanol and propanoic acid.
Name of element
Name: Butanol Chemical formula: CH3CH2CH2CH2OH (or C4H9OH)
What type of compound has the molecular formula C3H6O2 ?
Carboxylic acid
C3H6O2 is propanoic acid
How is an ester formed? Write a general equation for the reaction that produces an ester?
An ester is formed when a carboxylic acid and alcohol are reacted together. Alcohol + carboxylic acid → ester + water
How do you name esters?
(Prefix of the alcohol)-yl + (name of carboxylic acid minus ‘oic acid’)-anoate. E.g. An ester formed from propanol and ethanoic acid would be propyl ethanoate.
Alkanes - Structure and Formulae
Alkenes
Alcohols
Carboxylic acids
Esters
Draw the displayed formula of ethyl ethanoate
