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Chemistry > Organic Compounds > Flashcards

Organic Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

meth-

A

1 C

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2
Q

eth-

A

2 C

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3
Q

prop-

A

3 C

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4
Q

but-

A

4 C

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5
Q

pent-

A

5 C

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6
Q

hex-

A

6 C

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7
Q

hept

A

7 C

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8
Q

oct-

A

8 C

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9
Q

non-

A

9 C

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10
Q

dec-

A

10 C

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11
Q

10 C

A

dec-

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12
Q

9 C

A

non-

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13
Q

8 C

A

oct-

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14
Q

7 C

A

hept-

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15
Q

6 C

A

hex-

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16
Q

5 C

A

pent-

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17
Q

4 C

A

but-

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18
Q

3 C

A

prop-

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19
Q

2 C

A

eth-

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20
Q

1 C

A

meth-

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21
Q

Methane

A

CH4; mp-91K; bp-109K; gas

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22
Q

Ethane

A

C2H6; mp-90K; bp-186K; gas

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23
Q

Propane

A

C3H8; mp-83K; bp-231K; gas

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24
Q

Butane

A

C4H10; mp-135K; bp-273; gas

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25
Q

Pentane

A

C5H12; mp-144K; bp-309; liquid

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26
Q

Hexane

A

C6H14; mp-178K; bp-342; liquid

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27
Q

CH4

A

Methane; mp-91K; bp-109K; gas

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28
Q

C2H6

A

Ethane; mp-90K; bp-186K; gas

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29
Q

C3H8

A

Propane; mp-83K; bp-231K; gas

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30
Q

C4H10

A

Butane; mp-135K; bp-273; gas

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31
Q

C5H12

A

Pentane; mp-144K; bp-309; liquid

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32
Q

C6H14

A

Hexane; mp-178K; bp-342; liquid

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33
Q

-ane

A

alkane (single bonds)

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34
Q

-ene

A

alkene (double bond(s))

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35
Q

-yne

A

alkyne (triple bond(s))

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36
Q

-OH

A

Hydroxyl group

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37
Q

Hydroxyl group

A

-OH

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38
Q

Halogenoalkanes

A

Alkane where one or more H is replaced with a halogen (chloro-, bromo-, etc)

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39
Q

Alkane where one or more H is replaced with a halogen

A

Halogenoalkanes (chloro-, bromo-, etc)

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40
Q

Alcohols

A

Organic molecules with at least one hydroxyl group

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41
Q

Organic molecules with at least one hydroxyl group

A

Alcohols

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42
Q

C2H5OH/C2H6O

A

Ethanol; bp-351K

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43
Q

Ethanol

A

C2H5OH/C2H6O; bp-351K

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44
Q

CH3COOH

A

Ethanoic Acid

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45
Q

Ethanoic Acid

A

CH3COOH

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46
Q

-COOH

A

Carboxylic Acid Group

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47
Q

Carboxylic Acid Group

A

-COOH

48
Q

CH3OH/CH4O

A

Methanol; bp-338K

49
Q

Methanol

A

CH3OH/CH4O; bp-338K

50
Q

Propan-1-ol

A

C3H7OH/C3H8O; bp-370K

51
Q

C3H7OH/C3H8O

A

Propan-1-ol; bp-370K

52
Q

Butan-1-ol

A

C4H9OH/CH10O; bp-390K

53
Q

C4H9OH/CH10O

A

Butan-1-ol; bp-390K

54
Q

Pentan-1-ol

A

C5H11OH/C5H12O; bp-410K

55
Q

C5H11OH/C5H12O

A

Pentan-1-ol; bp-410K

56
Q

Hexan-1-ol

A

C6H13OH/C6H14O; bp-431K

57
Q

-yl

A

branch group

58
Q

branch group

A

-yl

59
Q

Cycloalkanes

A

Alkane in a ring structure (CnH2+n)

60
Q

Alkane in a ring structure (CnH2+n)

A

Cycloalkanes

61
Q

Cyclo-X-ane

A

Cycloalkane

62
Q

Cyclo-X-ene

A

Cycloaklene

63
Q

Methanoic Acid

A

COOH

64
Q

Methyl-

A

CH3-

65
Q

Ethyl-

A

CH2CH3-

66
Q

Propyl-

A

(CH2)2CH3-

67
Q

Butyl-

A

(CH2)3CH3-

68
Q

Pentyl-

A

(CH2)4CH3-

69
Q

CH3-

A

Methyl-

70
Q

CH2CH3-

A

Ethyl-

71
Q

(CH2)2CH3-

A

Propyl-

72
Q

(CH2)3CH3-

A

Butyl-

73
Q

(CH2)4CH3-

A

Pentyl-

74
Q

structural isomers

A

When two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

75
Q

Aldehyde/Carbonyl group

A

-COH

76
Q

-COH

A

Aldehyde

77
Q

Carbonyl

A

-CO-

78
Q

-CO-

A

Carbonyl

79
Q

Ketones

A

Homologous series where 2 hydrocarbon chains bond to a carbonyl group (-CO-)

80
Q

Homologous series where 2 hydrocarbon chains bond to a carbonyl group (-CO-)

A

Ketones

81
Q

functional group isomerism

A

form of structural isomerism where the isomers actually belong to entirely different homologous series

82
Q

Ether

A

molecules where the hydrocarbon chain is interrupted by the insertion of an oxygen atom

83
Q

molecules where the hydrocarbon chain is interrupted by the insertion of an oxygen atom

A

Ether

84
Q

Ester group

A

-COO-

85
Q

-COO-

A

Ester group

86
Q

Amino group

A

-NH2

87
Q

-NH2

A

Amino Group

88
Q

Amines

A

Hydrocarbons with an amino group

89
Q

-CONH2

A

Carboxamide group

90
Q

Carboxamide group

A

-CONH2

91
Q

Amides

A

Hydrocarbons with an amide group

92
Q

Nitrile Group

A

-CN

93
Q

-CN

A

Nitrile Group

94
Q

esterification

A

condensation reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohol forming esters

95
Q

aliphatic hydrocarbons

A

Hydrocarbons with the backbone of the compound consisting of linear chains of carbon atoms

96
Q

aromatic hydrocarbons/arenes

A

compounds that contain the benzene ring as a functional group

97
Q

substitution reaction

A

a hydrogen atom is replaced by the atom of another element

98
Q

photochemical reactions

A

The presence of ultraviolet light is needed for the substitution to form halogenoalkanes or other similar photochemical reactions

99
Q

hydration

A

The reaction in which the alkene is converted into an alcohol by the addition of water

100
Q

hydrogenation

A

hydrogen is added across the carbon–carbon double bond producing the alkane

101
Q

Esterification

A

a reversible reaction taking place between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid when heated under reflux in the presence of a catalyst (which is usually concentrated sulfuric acid)

102
Q

condensation reaction

A

the combining of the two molecules

103
Q

Nucleophiles

A

are characterized by having a lone pair of electrons, and may also be negatively charged; electron-rich species and are therefore attracted to a region of electron deficiency in a target molecule

104
Q

nucleophilic substitution reactions

A

the nucleophile replaces (substitutes for) the halogen or other electron-deficient species

105
Q

poly(ethene)

polyethylene, polythene, PE

A

ethene

CH2=CH2 ; tough, durable ; plastic bags, bowls, bottles, packaging

106
Q

ethene

CH2=CH2

A

poly(ethene)

(polyethylene, polythene, PE) ; tough, durable ; plastic bags, bowls, bottles, packaging

107
Q

poly(propene) (polypropylene, PP)

A

propene

CH3CH=CH2 ; tough, durable ; crates and boxes, plastic rope

108
Q

propene

CH3CH=CH2

A

poly(propene) (polypropylene, PP) ; tough, durable ; crates and boxes, plastic rope

109
Q

poly(tetrafluoroethene)

polytetrafluoroethylene, Telfon, PTFE

A

tetrafluoroethene

CF2=CF2 ; non-stick surface, withstands high temperatures ; non-stick frying pans, non-stick taps and joints

110
Q

tetrafluoroethene

CF2=CF2

A

poly(tetrafluoroethene)
(polytetrafluoroethylene, Telfon, PTFE) ; non-stick surface, withstands high temperatures ; non-stick frying pans, non-stick taps and joints

111
Q

poly(phenylethene)

polystyrene, PS

A

phenylethene (styrene)

C6H5CH=CH2 ; light, poor conductor of heat ; insulation, packaging (foam)

112
Q

phenylethene (styrene)

C6H5CH=CH2

A

poly(phenylethene)

polystyrene, PS) ; light, poor conductor of heat ; insulation, packaging (foam

113
Q

glycerol

A

CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2(OH) ; propane-1,2,3-triol

114
Q

propane-1,2,3-triol

A

glycerol ; CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2(OH)

115
Q

CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2(OH)

A

glycerol ; propane-1,2,3-triol

116
Q

Electrophiles

A

reactants that are themselves electron deficient, and as such they have either a positive charge, or at least a partial positive charge; Due to this positive charge, they are attracted to regions of negative charge

Chemistry (4 decks)

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