Organic Compounds Flashcards
1
Q
meth-
A
1 C
2
Q
eth-
A
2 C
3
Q
prop-
A
3 C
4
Q
but-
A
4 C
5
Q
pent-
A
5 C
6
Q
hex-
A
6 C
7
Q
hept
A
7 C
8
Q
oct-
A
8 C
9
Q
non-
A
9 C
10
Q
dec-
A
10 C
11
Q
10 C
A
dec-
12
Q
9 C
A
non-
13
Q
8 C
A
oct-
14
Q
7 C
A
hept-
15
Q
6 C
A
hex-
16
Q
5 C
A
pent-
17
Q
4 C
A
but-
18
Q
3 C
A
prop-
19
Q
2 C
A
eth-
20
Q
1 C
A
meth-
21
Q
Methane
A
CH4; mp-91K; bp-109K; gas
22
Q
Ethane
A
C2H6; mp-90K; bp-186K; gas
23
Q
Propane
A
C3H8; mp-83K; bp-231K; gas
24
Q
Butane
A
C4H10; mp-135K; bp-273; gas
25
Pentane
C5H12; mp-144K; bp-309; liquid
26
Hexane
C6H14; mp-178K; bp-342; liquid
27
CH4
Methane; mp-91K; bp-109K; gas
28
C2H6
Ethane; mp-90K; bp-186K; gas
29
C3H8
Propane; mp-83K; bp-231K; gas
30
C4H10
Butane; mp-135K; bp-273; gas
31
C5H12
Pentane; mp-144K; bp-309; liquid
32
C6H14
Hexane; mp-178K; bp-342; liquid
33
-ane
alkane (single bonds)
34
-ene
alkene (double bond(s))
35
-yne
alkyne (triple bond(s))
36
-OH
Hydroxyl group
37
Hydroxyl group
-OH
38
Halogenoalkanes
Alkane where one or more H is replaced with a halogen (chloro-, bromo-, etc)
39
Alkane where one or more H is replaced with a halogen
Halogenoalkanes (chloro-, bromo-, etc)
40
Alcohols
Organic molecules with at least one hydroxyl group
41
Organic molecules with at least one hydroxyl group
Alcohols
42
C2H5OH/C2H6O
Ethanol; bp-351K
43
Ethanol
C2H5OH/C2H6O; bp-351K
44
CH3COOH
Ethanoic Acid
45
Ethanoic Acid
CH3COOH
46
-COOH
Carboxylic Acid Group
47
Carboxylic Acid Group
-COOH
48
CH3OH/CH4O
Methanol; bp-338K
49
Methanol
CH3OH/CH4O; bp-338K
50
Propan-1-ol
C3H7OH/C3H8O; bp-370K
51
C3H7OH/C3H8O
Propan-1-ol; bp-370K
52
Butan-1-ol
C4H9OH/CH10O; bp-390K
53
C4H9OH/CH10O
Butan-1-ol; bp-390K
54
Pentan-1-ol
C5H11OH/C5H12O; bp-410K
55
C5H11OH/C5H12O
Pentan-1-ol; bp-410K
56
Hexan-1-ol
C6H13OH/C6H14O; bp-431K
57
-yl
branch group
58
branch group
-yl
59
Cycloalkanes
Alkane in a ring structure (CnH2+n)
60
Alkane in a ring structure (CnH2+n)
Cycloalkanes
61
Cyclo-X-ane
Cycloalkane
62
Cyclo-X-ene
Cycloaklene
63
Methanoic Acid
COOH
64
Methyl-
CH3-
65
Ethyl-
CH2CH3-
66
Propyl-
(CH2)2CH3-
67
Butyl-
(CH2)3CH3-
68
Pentyl-
(CH2)4CH3-
69
CH3-
Methyl-
70
CH2CH3-
Ethyl-
71
(CH2)2CH3-
Propyl-
72
(CH2)3CH3-
Butyl-
73
(CH2)4CH3-
Pentyl-
74
structural isomers
When two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula
75
Aldehyde/Carbonyl group
-COH
76
-COH
Aldehyde
77
Carbonyl
-CO-
78
-CO-
Carbonyl
79
Ketones
Homologous series where 2 hydrocarbon chains bond to a carbonyl group (-CO-)
80
Homologous series where 2 hydrocarbon chains bond to a carbonyl group (-CO-)
Ketones
81
functional group isomerism
form of structural isomerism where the isomers actually belong to entirely different homologous series
82
Ether
molecules where the hydrocarbon chain is interrupted by the insertion of an oxygen atom
83
molecules where the hydrocarbon chain is interrupted by the insertion of an oxygen atom
Ether
84
Ester group
-COO-
85
-COO-
Ester group
86
Amino group
-NH2
87
-NH2
Amino Group
88
Amines
Hydrocarbons with an amino group
89
-CONH2
Carboxamide group
90
Carboxamide group
-CONH2
91
Amides
Hydrocarbons with an amide group
92
Nitrile Group
-CN
93
-CN
Nitrile Group
94
esterification
condensation reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohol forming esters
95
aliphatic hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons with the backbone of the compound consisting of linear chains of carbon atoms
96
aromatic hydrocarbons/arenes
compounds that contain the benzene ring as a functional group
97
substitution reaction
a hydrogen atom is replaced by the atom of another element
98
photochemical reactions
The presence of ultraviolet light is needed for the substitution to form halogenoalkanes or other similar photochemical reactions
99
hydration
The reaction in which the alkene is converted into an alcohol by the addition of water
100
hydrogenation
hydrogen is added across the carbon–carbon double bond producing the alkane
101
Esterification
a reversible reaction taking place between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid when heated under reflux in the presence of a catalyst (which is usually concentrated sulfuric acid)
102
condensation reaction
the combining of the two molecules
103
Nucleophiles
are characterized by having a lone pair of electrons, and may also be negatively charged; electron-rich species and are therefore attracted to a region of electron deficiency in a target molecule
104
nucleophilic substitution reactions
the nucleophile replaces (substitutes for) the halogen or other electron-deficient species
105
poly(ethene)
| polyethylene, polythene, PE
ethene
| CH2=CH2 ; tough, durable ; plastic bags, bowls, bottles, packaging
106
ethene
| CH2=CH2
poly(ethene)
| (polyethylene, polythene, PE) ; tough, durable ; plastic bags, bowls, bottles, packaging
107
poly(propene) (polypropylene, PP)
propene
| CH3CH=CH2 ; tough, durable ; crates and boxes, plastic rope
108
propene
| CH3CH=CH2
poly(propene) (polypropylene, PP) ; tough, durable ; crates and boxes, plastic rope
109
poly(tetrafluoroethene)
| polytetrafluoroethylene, Telfon, PTFE
tetrafluoroethene
| CF2=CF2 ; non-stick surface, withstands high temperatures ; non-stick frying pans, non-stick taps and joints
110
tetrafluoroethene
| CF2=CF2
poly(tetrafluoroethene)
(polytetrafluoroethylene, Telfon, PTFE) ; non-stick surface, withstands high temperatures ; non-stick frying pans, non-stick taps and joints
111
poly(phenylethene)
| polystyrene, PS
phenylethene (styrene)
| C6H5CH=CH2 ; light, poor conductor of heat ; insulation, packaging (foam)
112
phenylethene (styrene)
| C6H5CH=CH2
poly(phenylethene)
| polystyrene, PS) ; light, poor conductor of heat ; insulation, packaging (foam
113
glycerol
CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2(OH) ; propane-1,2,3-triol
114
propane-1,2,3-triol
glycerol ; CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2(OH)
115
CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2(OH)
glycerol ; propane-1,2,3-triol
116
Electrophiles
reactants that are themselves electron deficient, and as such they have either a positive charge, or at least a partial positive charge; Due to this positive charge, they are attracted to regions of negative charge
