Organic Compounds

Question 1

Describes chemical compounds that contains carbon and other elements such as hydrogen , oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorous

Answer 1

Organic (living organisms, carbon-based)

Question 2

Four main types of organic compounds

Answer 2

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acid

Question 3

Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (2:1 molecular ratio)
Used as energy sources, structural units, and more
Largest class of organic compounds found in organisms

Answer 3

Carbohydrates

Question 4

Classification and Subunits of Carbohydrates

Answer 4

classified according to subunits they contain, simple carbs are sugar

If one unit - Monosaccharide (fructose, glucose, galactose)
If two units - Disaccharide
Long chains of mono - Polysaccharide (starch, glycogen, cellulose)

Question 5

Functions of carbohydrates

Answer 5

1. Acts a main source of energy
2. Plants and animals use it for structural purposes

Question 6

Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (higher hydrogen to oxygen ratio)

Answer 6

Lipids

Question 7

Three major groups of lipids

Answer 7

“Triglycerides”
1. Fats
2. Oils
3. Waxes

“Steroids”

“Phospholipids”

Question 8

Lipids are used for?

Answer 8

Energy storage
To build structures
As signal molecules to help cells communicate with each other

Question 9

Functions of Lipids

Answer 9

1. Store energy for long term
2. Waterproof covering

Question 10

Consists of chains of amino acids called peptides, hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen

Some contain sulfur, phosphorous, iron, copper, or magnesium

Answer 10

Proteins

Question 11

Functions of Proteins

Answer 11

To build structure
Catalyze biochemical reactions
Immune response
Package and transport materials
Help replicate genetic material

Question 12

3 main functions of proteins

Answer 12

1. Cellular structures
2. Controls substances in and out of cell
3. Fight diseases

Question 13

6 examples of proteins

Answer 13

1. Hemoglobin in blood
2. Collagen (skin)
3. Insulin (cell, pancreas)
4. Keratin (hair)
5. Myglobin (blood)
6. Fibrin (blood clotting)

Question 14

Molecules in our cells that direct and store information and cellular growth

Answer 14

Nucleic Acid

Question 15

2 types of nucleic acid

Answer 15

1. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA, single strand)
2. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA, multi strand)

Question 16

Other characteristics of Nucleic Acids

Answer 16

Both nucleic acid and organic polymer composed of monomer units called nucleotides - composed of sugar molecule, a nitrogen base, and phsophoric acid

Question 17

Difference of DNA and RNA

Answer 17

DNA can contain several millions of nucleotides
RNA can contain several thousands of it

Question 18

Functions of Nucleic Acids

Answer 18

1. Carries genetic information for cells
2. Genes contain information to produce protein
3. DNA can produce other DNA molecules and RNA molecules
4. RNA molecules are directly responsible for the synthesis of proteins