Organic Compounds

Question 1

Monosaccharides

Answer 1

Glucose
Galactose
Fructose

Question 2

Disaccharides

Answer 2

Maltose = glucose + glucose
Lactose = glucose + galactose
Sucrose = glucose + fructose

Question 3

Polysaccharides

Answer 3

Starch = glucose x4
Cellulose -> found in plant walls
Glycogen -> only in animals (stored version of glucose)

Question 4

Test for glucose

Answer 4

Benedict’s solution:
Activate with water bath, red is positive, blue is negative

Question 5

Test for starch

Answer 5

I53 Iodine:
Positive turns dark blue and negative remains iodine orange

Question 6

Lipids hare held together by

Answer 6

Glycosidic bonds

Question 7

Two groups of lipids are

Answer 7

Saturated and unsaturated

Question 8

Why are organs covered in a fat layer

Answer 8

Insulation and protection from mechanical damage

Question 9

What are lipids used for?

Answer 9

Absorption of vitamins and are a source of water

Question 10

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 10

Break a bond and water is given off

Question 11

Hydrolysis

Answer 11

When a bond is made and it creates water

Question 12

Test for unsaturated fats

Answer 12

Ether test:
If the substance leaves an oily spot it is positive

Question 13

Test for saturated fats

Answer 13

Emulsification:
Drop ethanol onto your substance, if it gives off a white substance the test is positive.

Question 14

Side effects of too much fats being consumed:

Answer 14

Hypertension, cardiomegaly, angina, heart attack

Question 15

Proteins are used for

Answer 15

Energy storage, and building of cell parts, transport of substances, and protection

Question 16

How many types of amino acids are in the cells

Answer 16

23

Question 17

Where are proteins made?

Answer 17

In the ribosomes

Question 18

What organelle produces amino acids

Answer 18

The nucleolus

Question 19

Two forms of protein strings

Answer 19

Globular and fibrous

Question 20

How to test for proteins

Answer 20

Biuret test, negative is blue, positive is purple

Millions reagent, positive turns brick-red

Question 21

Proteins are held together by a

Answer 21

Peptide bond

Question 22

DNA

Answer 22

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

Question 23

RNA

Answer 23

ribose nucleic acid

Question 24

DNA has no

Answer 24

Oxygen

Question 25

Monomers for DNA

Answer 25

Nucleotides

Question 26

Nucleotides are made of

Answer 26

Phosphorous, ribose (sugar), a nitrogenous base, and a hydrogen bond

Question 27

4 types of nitrogenous base in a nucleotide

Answer 27

Adenine
Thymine

Cytosine
Guanine