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CHEMISTRY U5 > ORGANIC COMPOUNDS > Flashcards

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Flashcards

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1
Q

Formula For Alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

Definition Of Structural Isomers

A

Have Same Mol Formula
But Different Struc Formula

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3
Q

Di

A

Two identical side chains

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4
Q

Tri

A

Three Identical Side Chains

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5
Q

Tetra

A

Four Identical Side Chains

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6
Q

Penta

A

Five Identical Side Chains

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7
Q

Hexa

A

Six Identical Side Chains

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8
Q

Hepta

A

Seven Identical Side Chains

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9
Q

Octa

A

Eight Identical Side Chains

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10
Q

What’s A Fuel Used For

A

Used To Produce Useful Energy.

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11
Q

Combustion Of Alkanes

A

Alkanes Will React With Oxygen In Air To Give Carbon Dioxide & Water Releasing Energy

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12
Q

What Is The Reaction With Oxygen Called

A

Combustion

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13
Q

What Are Short Chains Valuable For

A

Fuels

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14
Q

What Do Plenty Supply Of Oxygen Undergo

A

Complete Combustion

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15
Q

What Does Complete Combustion Form

A

Carbon Dioxide & Water

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16
Q

Complete Combustion Equation Using Methane

A

CH4(g) + 2O2(g) -> CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)

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17
Q

What Does Incomplete Combustion Have A Limited Supply Of

A

Oxygen

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18
Q

Products Of Incomplete Combistion

A

Carbon Monoxide Gas or
Carbon solid

With water

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19
Q

Equation For Incomplete Combustion (Methane producing Carbon Monoxide)

A

CH4(g) + 3/2O2(g) -> CO(g) + 2H2O(l)

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20
Q

Equation For Incomplete Combustion (Methane producing Carbon)

A

CH4(g) + O2(g) -> C(s) + 2H2O(l)

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21
Q

Suggest Why Incomplete Combustion Of A Fuel May Have Occured

A

Limited Supply Of Oxygen

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22
Q

Intermolecular Forces Depends On

A

The Number Of Electrons In The Atom Or Molecule

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23
Q

What Makes The Intermolecular Forces Stronger

A

Large Number Of Electrons

Stronger Induce Dipole Dipole / Intermolecular Forces

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24
Q

Why Are Intermolecular Forces Strong

A

Less Surface Contact

Weaker Induce Dipole Dipole/ Intermolecular Forces

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25
Q

Formula For Alkenes

A

CnH2n

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26
Q

Structural Isomerism Definition

A

Molecules Which Have The Same Molecular Formula But A Different Structural Formulae

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27
Q

Type Of Isomers

A

Chain Isomers

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28
Q

Same Molecular Formula But Dif Arrangement Of Carbon Atoms

A

Chain Isomerism

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29
Q

Same Molecular Formula Have Functional Group On Dif Position In Molecule

A

Positional Isomerism

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30
Q

What Is The Formation Of Haloalkanes

A

When You Combine An Alkane With A Halogen (I.e, Cl2, Br2 ect)

31
Q

How Are Haloalkanes Produced

A

presence Of Bright Sunlight Or A Lamp, A Haloalkane Will Be Produced

32
Q

What Light Is Essential To Start A Reaction For Formation Of Haloalkanes

A

UV Light

33
Q

Haloalkane Equation For A Chain Reaction

A

CH4 + Br2 -> CH3Br + HBr

34
Q

What Is A Free Radical Substitution Mechanism

A

A Reaction Occurs Over 3 Stages & Is A Chain Reaction

35
Q

Definition Of Free Radical

A

Species With Unpaired Electron

36
Q

Why Are Free Radicals Extremely Reactive

A

They No Longer Have A Noble Gas Configuration

37
Q

Why Is UV Light Needed To Start The Reaction

A

To Break Br-Br into 2 Free Radicals

38
Q

Homolytic Fission

A

Each Atom Has An Equal Number Of Unpaired Electrons

39
Q

What Is A Positive Inductive Effects

A

The Ability To Release Electron Density Through Covalent Bond

40
Q

What Is Ethanol Used For

A

Intermediate In The Synthesis Of Other Organic Chemicals

Solvent In Cosmetics And Perfume

Manufacture Of Drugs, Detergent & Inks

Found in Alcoholic Drinks

41
Q

How Is Ethanol Made

A

When Crude Oil Fractions Are Cracked To Form Alkanes And An Alkene.

42
Q

How Do You Keep Ethene hydrated

A

By Adding Water In The Presence Of A Concentrated Phosphoric Catalyst.

43
Q

Equation For Hydration

A

CH2=CH2 + H2O(g) à CH3CH2OH

44
Q

Advantages Of Hydration Of Ethene

A

Large Scale Production Method

High Purity Product Made

Readily Available Raw Material

High Rate Of Reaction

Continuous Production Method

45
Q

Disadvantages Of Hydration Of Ethene

A

High Temp & Pressure Needed Which Increases Cost

Expensive & High Tech Equipment Needed

Crude Oil Is Non- Renewable

46
Q

Advantages Of Fermentation

A

Uses Renewable Resources

Low Tech Method - Less Expensive Equipment Needed

Readily Available & Renewable Raw Materials From Plants

Low Cost

47
Q

Disadvantages Of Fermation

A

Slow Rate Of Reaction

Impure Ethanol Made Needed Distilling

Causes Food Prices To Rise If Crops Are Used To Produce Alcohol Instead Of Food

Batch Production Method. Less Efficient.

48
Q

Industrial Cracking

A

Large Fraction Of Crude Oil Broken Down Into Smaller Fraction

Process Called Cracking

49
Q

Explain Why Oil Companies Need To Crack “Heavy Fraction”

A

Smaller Chain Molecules Are In Higher Demand

50
Q

Thermal Cracking

A

Bonds Broken Using High Temp (700-1200K)

High Pressure (7000kPa)

Alkanes Kept there For Second

51
Q

State The Type Of Cracking Produces High Percentage Of Alkenes & Give Two Condition

A

Thermal Cracking

Conditions: High Temp & Pressure

52
Q

Catalytic Cracking

A

Bonds Broken Using High Temp (750K)
A Slight Pressure (1Greater Than Atmosphere) & Zeolite Catalyst

53
Q

Why Hexane Has Higher Boiling Point Than Methane

A

Has Stronger Van Der Waals Forces As It Has More Electrons Compared To Mathane

54
Q

Same Molecular Force But Dif Functional Group

A

Functional Group Isomerism

55
Q

Un-Hybridised Orbitals (CH4)

A

S ⬆️ Energy

P ⬇️ Energy

All Contain 1 Electron

Hybrid O All Same Size, Shape & Energy

56
Q

Sp3 Hybridised Orbitals (CH4)

A

1 S & 3P Combine

Makes 4 sp3 Hybrid Orbitals

No Spare P Orbitals

57
Q

Un-Hybridised Orbitals (C2H4)

A

S ⬆️ Energy

P ⬇️ Energy

All Contain 1 Electron

All Have Same Size, Shape & Energy

58
Q

Sp3 Hybridised Orbitals (C2H4)

A

1s & 2p Combine

3 Sp2 Hybrid Orbital

1 Spare P Orbital

59
Q

UnHybridisation Orbital (C2H2)

A

S ⬆️ Energy
P⬇️ Energy
All Have 1 Electron
Hybrid All Have Same Size, Shape & Energy

60
Q

Sp3 Hybridisation Orbital (C2H2)

A

1S & 1P Combine
2P Hybrid
2 Spare P

61
Q

Neuclophile

A

Electron Rich

Lone Pair e-

Attracted To +

62
Q

Electrophile

A

E- Poor Attracted To Love Pair e- e.g, Delta +

63
Q

Homolytic Fission

A

Each Atom Has Equal Number Of Unpaired e-

64
Q

Positive Inductive Effect

A

Ability To Release Electron Density Through Covalent Bonds

65
Q

Ethanol Uses Include

A

Synthesis Of Other Organic Chem

Cosmetic & Perfume

Drugs, Detergent & Ink

Alcoholic Drinks

66
Q

Advantages Of Hydration Of Ethene

A

Large Scale Production Method

High Purity Made

Readily Available Raw Mat

High Rate Of Reaction

Continuous Production Method

67
Q

Disadvantage Of Hydration Of Ethene

A

High Temp & Pressure Needed ⬆️ Cost

Expensive & High Tech Equipment Needed

Crude Oil Non Renewable

68
Q

Industrial Cracking

A

Large Fraction Of Crude Oil Broken Down Into Smaller Fraction By
Process Called Cracking

69
Q

Why Oil Companies Need To Crack “Heavy Fraction”

A

Smaller Chain Molecule Higher Demand

70
Q

Two Types Of Cracking

A

Thermal & Catalytic

71
Q

What Do Thermal & Catalytic Cracking Involve In

A

Breaking C-C Bonds To Form Smaller Molecules

72
Q

How Long Are Alkanes Kept In These Conditions

A

Short Period Of Time (1s)

73
Q

Type Of Cracking Produces High % Of Alkenes & Give Two Conditions

A

Thermal Cracking

High Temp& Pressure

CHEMISTRY U5 (3 decks)

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