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Chemistry > Organic Chemistry Unit 2 > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is organic chemistry

A

The study of hydrocarbons, and their derivatives

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2
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A compound, consisting of hydrogen and carbon only

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3
Q

Types of hydrocarbons and what they are

A

Alkanes: saturated hydrocarbons made with single bonds

Alkenes: unsaturated hydrocarbons double bond present between two carbon atoms

Alkynes: unsaturated hydrocarbons triple bond between two carbon atoms

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4
Q

IUPAC

A

International union of peer and applied chemistry

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5
Q

General formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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6
Q

General formula for Alkenes

A

CnH2n

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7
Q

General formula for Alkynes

A

CnH2n-2

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8
Q

First four IUPAC names

A

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane

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9
Q

Naming 5 and up

A

Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane

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10
Q

Name this

A

2Methyl-Butane

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11
Q

What are isomers

A

Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural formula

Example

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12
Q

What do cis and trans isomers usually involve

A

A double or triple bond

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13
Q

Cis isomers

A

Where the functional groups are both on either the top or bottom of the multiple bond

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14
Q

Trans isomers

A

Where one of the functional groups is on the top of the multiple bond and the others on the bottom? 

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15
Q

What are cyclo molecules?

A

When the carbon atoms form a ring, the molecule is cyclic

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16
Q

What are the most common cyclo molecules

A

Alkanes

17
Q

What is Benzene

A

An aromatic hydrocarbon because it has a strong aroma

18
Q

What does this mean

A

Alternating double bond

19
Q

What are functional groups?

A

An atom or group of atoms attached to a hydrocarbon

20
Q

What does a functional group do?

A

-Most reactive part of a molecule
-Determines physical and chemical characteristics

21
Q

Basic functional groups (7)

A

Alcohols
Aldehydes
Ketones
Ethers
Esters
Amines
Organic acids

22
Q

Alcohols

A

Hydroxyl group OH

Add “ol” to the end of name

23
Q

Aldehydes

A

Contains the functional group =O, O double bonded to the last C

Add “Al” to the end of name

24
Q

Ketones

A

Contains the functional group O double bonded to middle C

Add “one” when naming

25
Q

Organic acids

A

Contains the carboxyl group O double bonded to last C and OH bonded to same C

Add “oic acid to name”

26
Q

Ethers

A

Contain the functional group C-O-C, O between 2 C’s

Add “Oxy” to prefix of shorter chain and name rest like normal

27
Q

Esters

A

Contain the functional group double bonded O and a single bonded O to the same C

Add “yl” to shortest chain and end longest chain with “oate”

28
Q

Amines

A

Contain the functional group NH2

Add “yl” to the chain of C’s and follow it with “amine”

Chemistry (6 decks)

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