Organic chemistry Reactions Flashcards
Why are fossil fuels so important
Combustion reactants are exothermic. Such as fossil fuels which can transfer a large amount of chemical potential energy into heat energy when they are burnt in the presence of oxygen. This is why fossil fuels are used in an abundance.
What occurs during a substitution reaction
an exchange of atoms in the reacts reactants take place
-halogenation
-hydrolysis
What occurs during halogenation and the condition
alkane reacts with halogen to form haloalkane
condition: heat and UV light
What occurs Hydrolysis and condition
haloalkane is heated under reflux with a dilute base to form an alcohol
What is an addition reactions
When a double bond is broken and atoms are added onto the molcules
What is Hydrogenation and its condition
Hydrogen with alkene
Condition: Dissolved in an organic solvent (PT, Ni, Pd) catalyst
What is halogenation
Halogen with alkene
what is the bromine water test
test for saturation. If bromine water is added to any alkene it will rapidly decolourise (not become brown stay clear) as the double bonds of alkene are broken
What is hydrohalogenation and is condition
Hydrogen halide + alkene
condtion: no water present
Hydration
water and alkene
Condition: steam and catalyst such as phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
What is an elimination reaction
When atoms or fragments are removed from adjacent atoms in molecule which forms an alkene.
Dehydrohalogenation
Dehydration
Cracking of hydrocarbons
What is Dehydrohalogenation
Hydrogen halide is removed from a haloalkane
Condition: hot concentrated sodium hydroxide
no water should be present
Dehydration
water is removed from a alcohol
condition: concentrated sulfuric acid H2SO4
Cracking of hydrocarbons and conditions
long hydrocarbon chain into smaller, useful hydrocarbons
products are smaller hydrocarbons and one or more alkene
Thermal Cracking
high temp and pressure not catalyst C
