Organic Chemistry Pt. 2 Flashcards
What is the formula for a Substituation reaction of an alkane?
Alkane + Halogen → Organic Halide + Acid
What is the formula for a Substituation reaction of an aromatic and cycloalkane?
Cycloalkane/Aromatic + Halogen → Organic Halide + Acid
What is the special condition in an alkane substituation?
heat or UV radiation
What are addition reactions similar to in grade 10 Chemsitry?
Synthesis reaction (A+B=AB)
What happens in an addition reaction between an alkene and alkyne?
- The double/triple bond breaks
- Two reactants form one product
T or F: Any reaction (with the exception of substitution reactions) that involves a halide will react with special conditions.
False
What is the product of a Halogenation (addition) reaction?
alkyl halide
What is the formula for a Hydrohalogenation reaction?
Alkene/Alkyne + Halogen Acid → Organic Halide
What is Markovnikov’s Rule?
When an alkene or alkyne reacts with a hydrogen halide (or water) the hydrogen (H) has a strong tendency to bond with the carbon that already has more H’s already attached. (The Rich get Richer)
What is the formula of a hydrogenation reaction?
Alkene/Alkyne + Hydrogen → Alkane
What is needed to make a hydrogenation reaction occur?
A catalyst
What is a Hydration reaction?
An addition reaction that involves the addition of water (H-OH
What are the conditions required in a Hydration reaction?
Heat and an acid catalyst
What do Elimination reactions generally need to occur?
A strong acid or base to act as a catalyst
What is an elimination reaction?
A reaction where atoms are removed from an organic molecule and a double bond form (opposite of an addition reaction)
What is the formula of a dehydration reaction?
Alcohol → Alkene + Water
What is the opposite of a hydration reaction?
A dehydration reaction
What happens in a dehydration reaction?
- The OH and H of an alkane is removed to form an H20 bond together
- The alkane then forms a double bond while water is another product
What are the possible products of an Oxidation reaction?
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
State the product: Ketone + [O] → ?
No Reaction!
- A carboxylic acid can only form from an aldehyde an an oxygen since carboxylic acids can only form at the end of a carbon chain
What are the products and reactants of an Oxidation reaction of a primary alcohol?
1° alcohol + [O] → aldehyde + water
What are the products and reactants of an Oxidation reaction of a secondary alcohol?
2° alcohol + [O] → ketone + water
What are the products and reactants of an Oxidation reaction of a tertiary alcohol?
3° alcohol + [O] → NO REACTION
- This is because there aren’t available carbon bonds
What are the products and reactants of an Oxidation reaction of an aldehyde?
Aldehyde + [O] → Carboxylic acid
What are the special conditions of an Oxidation reaction?
- An oxidizing compound
- An acid catalyst (H2SO4)
What are the possible products in a condensation reaction?
Ethers, Esters, and Amides
Rank the following functional groups from the least polar to the most polar:
carboxylic acid
ketone
alcohol
alkane
alkyl halide
- Alkane
- Alkyl Halide
- Ketone
- Alcohol
- Carboxylic Acid
To form an Ether, what special condition is needed?
An Acid catalyst
What reactants are needed to form an ether?
Two alcohols
