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Sciene Chem > organic chemistry polymers, alcohols, carboxylic, conensation and addition, naturally occurring polymers > Flashcards

organic chemistry polymers, alcohols, carboxylic, conensation and addition, naturally occurring polymers Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a functional group

A

part of a molecule responsible for its chemical reaction

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2
Q

what do polymers make

A

plastic (alkenes)

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3
Q

what is additional polmerisation

A

lots of unsaturated monomer molecules can open up their double bonds and join together to form polymer chains

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4
Q

steps to draw a repeating unit

A 
start by drawing two alkene carbons
replace the double bond with single
add extra single bond to each carbon
stick a pair of brackets around
put an n next to it to show there are lots
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5
Q

steps to get from polymer back to monomer

A

reverse from a repeating unit

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6
Q

what is a homologous series

A

series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with successive members increasing by CH2

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7
Q

why are carboxylic weak acids

A

when they dissolve they ionise and release H plus ions resulting in an acidic solution

because they partially dissociate they just form weak ions

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8
Q

what is condensation polymerisation

A

monomers react together and bonds form between the, for each bond made a small molecule is lost like water

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9
Q

differences between condensation and addition

A

Addition condensation

only one product polymer and small molecule

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10
Q

what are sugers

A

are small molecules that contain carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

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11
Q

what is DNA made of

A

two polymer chains of monomers called nucleotides

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12
Q

what is DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

contains genetic information that allows the organism to develop

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13
Q

what is an amino acid made of

A

a amino group

acidic carboxyl group

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14
Q

what polymers do amino acids form

A

polypeptides called proteins

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15
Q

what happens when a group of amino acids react

A

they form water with every new bond

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16
Q

what are proteins made of

A

long chain polypeptides

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17
Q

what is a polymer

A

a chain made from many monomers

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18
Q

what is a monomer

A

single molecule that is the starting material for a polymer

19
Q

what are thermosetting polymers

A

strong cross links are convalent bonds

20
Q

what are thermosoftening polymers

A

weak intermolecular forces between the polymer chains

21
Q

what are the properties of low density polyethene

A

have side branches
weaker
not crystalline
lower melting point

22
Q

what are the properties of high density polyethene

A

no side branches
stronger, higher melting point
crystalline strucure

23
Q

what is a dipeptide

A

2 amino acids

24
Q

what is a monosacharide

A

are simply sugar monomers that can be joined to make polysacharide polymers

25
Q

what is a polysacharide

A

2 or more monosacharides joined together to form long chain polysacharides

26
Q

what happens when starch and cellulose form

A

water is given off so it is condensation polymerisation

27
Q

what 3 components do nucleotide contain

A

phosphate
pentose sugar
organic base

28
Q

what bases join together

A

c and g

a and t

29
Q

how are the name of polymers made

A

stick poly in front of the monomer name

30
Q

metal + carboxylic acid =

A

hydrogen + salt

31
Q

carbonate + carboxylic acid =

A

carbon dioxide + salt + water

32
Q

alcohol + carboxylic acid =

A

______yl + ______oate + water

alcohol first carboxylic last

33
Q

alcohol + sodium =

A

salt + hydrogen

34
Q

alcohol + oxygen =

A

carbon dioxide + water

35
Q

alcohol + oxidising agents =

A

water + carboxylic acid

36
Q

alkene + oxygen =

A

water + carbon dioxide

37
Q

alkene + steam =

A

alcohol

38
Q

alkene + hydrogen =

A

alkane

39
Q

alkene + halogen

A

Di_________ane

halogen first alkene last

40
Q

how do alkenes and hydrogen react

A

60 degrees using nickel catalyst

41
Q

what happens when alkenes combust

A

smoky yellow flame due to incomplete combustion.

42
Q

what kind of reaction is an alkene and steam

A

reversible reaction

43
Q

what kind of reaction is an ester

A

reversible, catalyst needed

44
Q

what is fermentation and what is need for it to work

A

37 degrees glucose + carbon dioxide

Sciene Chem (14 decks)

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