organic chemical analysis 7 Flashcards
what is crude oil
a fossil fuel formed millions of years ago from the decay of dead sea creatures. It is a mixture of hydrocarbons
what are features of Alkanes
fully saturated
ends in ANE
c has 4 single bounds
general formula of Alkanes
CnH2n+2
first 5 alkanes
Meth Eth Prop But Pent
what are the properties of short chain hydrocarbons
small molecules low boiling point high volatility low viscosity high flamability
what are the properties of long chain hydrocarbons
large molecules high boiling point low volatility high viscosity low flammability
what is viscosity
how easily it flows
What is a fraction
a set of hydrocarbon molecules of similar size and boiling point
what is the processes of a fractionating column
Tower is hot at bottom,
all gases condense at different temperatures
The different fractions are collected as liquids at different temps
Smaller molecules have low boiling points and are collected at the top
what is produced in combustion
carbon dioxide + water
what is produced in incomplete combustion
carbon + carbon monoxide + water
what does oxidised mean
adding oxygen to produce an oxide
what is catalytic cracking
heat to vaporise at a low pressure
go over catalytic cracker to crack the hydrocarbons
goes into the distillation tower
What are the features of Alkenes
double bound
unsaturated
reactive
General formula of Alkenes
CnH2n
what is produced when a long alkane is cracked
short alkane + alkenes
Definition of pure
a pure substance is one that is made up of just one substance. That substance can be either an element or a compound
Melting and boiling points of a pure substance
specific temps(fixed points)
Melting and boiling point of an impure substance
do not have sharp melting and boiling points
What are formulations
are mixtures designed to produce a useful product
What is chromatography
used to separate substances in a mixture when all substances are soluble in the same solvent