Organic Chemistry Naming Flashcards
Alkane
- Contains hydrogen and carbon
- Single bonds between carbon atoms
- General formula: CnH2n+2
- Suffix: ane
Example :
C3H8- propane
Alkene
- Contains hydrogen and carbon
- At least one double bond between carbon atoms
- General formula: CnH2n
- Suffix: ene
Example :
prop-1-ene - C3H6
alkyne
- Contains hydrogen and carbon
- At least one triple bond between carbon atoms
- General formula: CnH2n-1
- Suffix: yne
Example :
prop-1-yne
Alcohol
- Contains a hydroxyl functional group (-OH)
- Always number from end closest to functional group
- General formula: CnH2n+2O
- Suffix: ol
Example :
Butan-2-ol C4H10O
Aldehyde
- Contains a carbon (C=O) on terminal carbon
- As C=O is always at the end of the parent chain and we number the end closest to functional group C=O is always 1 - do not need to specify in name
- General formula: CnH2nO
- Suffix: al
Example :
propanal C3H6O
Ketone
- Contains a carbonyl group (C=O) not on terminal carbon
- C=O functional group needs location
- General formula: CnH2nO
- Suffix: one
Example :
pentan-3-one C5H10O
Carboxylic acid
- Contains a carboxyl functional group
- Carboxyl is always at the end of the parent chain - don’t need to specify location
- General formula: CnH2nO2
- Suffix: oic acid
Example :
Butanoic acid C4H8O2
Haloalkanes
- Contains at least one halogen (group 17) off a carbon
- Number the chain so halogen is attached to lowest carbon group
- Halogen stems end in “O” and placed before alkane with location
Example :
2-chloropropane
2-chloro-2-idobutane
2,2-dibromo-3chloropentane
2-chloro-3,4-diflurohexane
branched molecules
- also called side chains
- branches end in “yl”
e.g. Methyl
2,3 -dimethyl butane
Cyclic molecules
- a cyclic hydrocarbon has a ring of carbons and cyclo as a prefix
- ring is the main chain if it has the most carbons otherwise it is a cylcoalkyl group
-if there is only one branch or double/triple bond is number 1 - if multiple branches, number carbons to give lowest combination of numbers
E.g.
Cyclobutane
2-ethyl -3,3-dimethylcyclohex-ene
Amine
NH2
- contain carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms
- contains an amino functional group
- number from end closest to functional group
- suffix: amine (drop e off alkane)
E.g.
propan-1-amine
Nitriles
C triple bond N
- contain carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms
- contains an amino functional group
- nitrile carbon will be carbon 1 (don’t need to specify in name)
- suffix: nitrile
E.g. Propane nitrile
Esters
- contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
- contains an ester functional group
- form from the reaction of carboxylic acid and an alcohol
- first word - from the alcohol part and ends in “yl”
second word - from the carboxylic acid part and ends in “oate”
E.g.
Propyl ethanoate
Amides
- contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms
- contains an amide functional group
- similar to carboxylic acid but -OH is an -NH2
- Main chain will have carbonyl group and this carbon will renumber one
- suffix: amide
E.g.
propanamide
N-methyl butanamide
Poly functional compounds
- more than one functional group
–> if the functional group is the same use a multiplier prefix
–> if functional groups are different, need to look at priorities - functional group with highest priority is assigned lowest number and suffix used
- lower priority functional groups indicated by a prefix
Highest priority
- carboxyl
