Organic Chemistry - Module 6

Question 1

How to identify the presence of an aldehyde
Ketone
Alkene

Answer 1

Aldehyde - Tollens reagent - silver mirror ppt formed
Ketone - 2,4 DNP - red ppt formed
Alkene - decolorisation of bromine water

Question 2

What is heterolytic fission

Answer 2

The breakage of a covalent bond where one atom receives both electrons

Question 3

In acid hydrolysis what happens to the ester

Answer 3

The ester is heated under reflux and broken down
To form C=O , O-H

Question 4

What reagents needed when - NO2 is reduced to -NH2

Answer 4

Tin and concentrated hydrochloric acid

Question 5

Explain the term stereoisomers

Answer 5

Stereoisomers is the same structural formula but different arrangement in space

Question 6

Polymer E is joined by esterification. Governments are encouraging the development of biodegradable polymers. Suggest why polymer E is able to biodegrade

Answer 6

The ester bond can be broken down

Question 7

How to test for the presence of phenol

Answer 7

Use indicator paper and if it turns red then functional group is present.
No reaction with Na2CO3

Question 8

Explain the requirements for E/Z isomerism and how to identify whether it is E/Z

Answer 8

E/Z isomerism will have a C=C bond, and each C=C attached to different groups.
Z isomer is when groups are on the same side

Question 9

Describe, in terms of orbital overlap, the similarities and differences between the bonding in the kekule model and the delocalised model of benzene.

Answer 9

Both have sideway overlap of p orbital
Both have a Pi bond system

Differences - kekule model has alternating pi bonds
Delocalised model has pi ring system.

Question 10

What reagent needed to go from alcohol to alkene

Answer 10

H3PO4