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iGCSE Chemistry > Organic Chemistry ll > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry ll Flashcards

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1
Q

What are alcohols?

A

organic molecules containing -OH functional group

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2
Q

Formula for Methanol?

A

CH3OH

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3
Q

Formula for ethanol

A

C2H5OH

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4
Q

Formula for Propanol

A

C3H7OH

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5
Q

Formula for Butanol

A

C4H9OH

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6
Q

Ethanol molecular formula

A

C2H6O

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7
Q

Structural formula for ethanol

A

CH3 CH2 OH

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8
Q

What are the two methods to manufacture ethanol

A

Hydration of Ethene

Fermentation of Glucose

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9
Q

What is the hydration of Ethene

A

Ethene gas is mixed with steam

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10
Q

Conditions for Hydration of ethene

A

300 degrees Celsius

65 atm pressure

Phosphoric acid catalyst

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11
Q

What raw material is used in the hydration of ethene

A

Crude oil provides Ethene

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12
Q

Advantages to the hydration of Ethene

A

Makes pure ethanol

Can run continuously

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13
Q

Disadvantages of Hydration of ethene

A

Non renewable raw material used

Conditions require a lot of energy - expensive

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14
Q

What is the fermentation of glucose?

A

Glucose is fermented microbiologically

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15
Q

What are the conditions for fermentation of glucose

A

Yeast - provides enzymes
30 degrees Celsius - optimum temp for enzymes
Anaerobic - prevents oxidation

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16
Q

Raw material used in the fermentation of glucose

A

Sugar cane provides the glucose

17
Q

Advantages of fermentation of glucose

A

Renewable raw material used

Conditions not energy intensive

18
Q

Disadvantages of glucose fermentation

A

Must be done in individual batches

Makes impure ethanol

19
Q

What are the three ways ethanol can be oxidised

A

Combustion

Microbial Oxidation

Chemical Oxidation

20
Q

What is the result of ethanol combustion

A

Non luminous, Blue flame

21
Q

How does microbial oxidation work

A

Microbes can use oxygen in the air to oxidise ethanol into ethanoic acid

22
Q

Conditions for microbial oxidation

A

Aerobically - presence of oxygen

23
Q

Three stages to chemical oxidation

A
  1. Heat It
  2. Add Potassium Dichromate (VI)
  3. Dilute sulfuric acid
24
Q

What colour change occurs in chemical oxidation

A

Orange to green

25
Q

What causes the colour change in chemical oxidation

A

Orange dichromate ions
to
Green chromium ions

iGCSE Chemistry (14 decks)

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