Organic Chemistry Intro Flashcards
Hydrocarbon definition
A molecule containing only hydrogen and carbon
Molecular formula
shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule (e.g. C3H8)
General formula
shows the relationship between the number of atoms of one element to another within a molecule
-members of a homologous series share the same general formula (e.g. alkanes: CnH2n+2)
Structural formula
How the atoms in a molecule are joined together (e.g. CH3 - CH2 - CH3)
Displayed formula
A full structural formula which shows all the bonds in a molecule as individual lines
Empirical formula
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound (e.g. C2H4 -> CH2)
Isomers definition
Molecules with the same molecular formula but with a different structure
Functional group definition
An atom or group of atoms that determine the chemical properties of a compound (e.g. -OH group)
Homologous series definition
A group of substances with the same general formula, similar chemical properties, and a gradation in physical properties
Name compounds containing up to 6 carbon atoms
Meth, Eth, Prop, But, Pent, Hex
Name of a branch with one/two carbon(s) (and so on)
Methyl, Ethyl (and so on)
Substitution reaction (e.g. C2H6 + Br2)
When an atom or group is atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms
E.g. C2H6 + Br2 -> C2H5Br + HBr
IN THE PRESENCE OF UV LIGHT - sufficient energy
Addition reaction (e.g. C2H4 + Br2)
When an atom or group of atoms is added to a molecule without taking anything away
E.g. C2H4 + Br2 -> C2H4Br2 - double bond is broken
Complete combustion
-> xCO2 + yH2O
Incomplete combustion
CO + H2O
C + H2O
